基于ANSYS的几种不同消声器的数值仿真

设计了一种由旁支管和扩张式消声器组合而成的消声器,利用ANSYS的动力学及声学模块,对其进行模态分析和声学分析,得到该组合消声器的固有频率和消声插入损失曲线。对旁支管和扩张式消声器分别进行声学分析,得到它们的消声插入损失曲线。仿真分析发现:组合消声器在发动机基频排气噪声及低频谐次波处有很好的消声效果,与单独的旁支管和抗性消声器相比,其消声效果有明显提高,达到了设计要求。该仿真结果可用于预测消声器的性能,并判断其结构设计是否符合要求。     

声介质中水弹性力学消除不规则频率的方法

文章根据简单源方法（源汇分布法）中不规则频率的产生机理,在内部流场中引入一个虚拟阻抗封闭曲面用于吸收声振能量,消除内部流场的共振现象,以此消除不规则频率。将该方法与现有的水弹性力学简单源求解方法相结合,应用声介质中水弹性力学计算程序THAFTS求解了一球形浮体涨缩振动和刚体平动的声阻抗,通过与解析结果的比较,验证了文中所述的方法能较好地消除不规则频率。同时进一步计算分析了内部虚拟阻抗曲面的大小以及曲面上声阻抗的大小对消除不规则频率效果的影响,为该方法的实际应用提供了理论指导。     

Comparison of particle mass and number emissions from a diesel transit bus across temporal and spatial scales

This study analyzes particle number and mass emission rates measured from the exhaust of a 2002 diesel transit bus in real-world driving conditions. The dynamics of the particle number and mass emission rates are examined at resolved temporal and spatial scales across an urban arterial, a rural arterial and a divided freeway. Time-based particle number and mass emission rates were highest on the freeway, but the distance-based particle emission rates of emission/km at “hot-spots” for exposure assessment for selected 50-m road segments occurred at intersections when the bus accelerated from a stop or traveled up high grades. Comparisons of particle mass and number emission rates between idling and acceleration indicate that unless the bus is extending idling for several minutes, public exposure to bus particle emissions near bus stops can be mainly attributed to accelerations. Generally, particle number and mass emissions rates are highly correlated both temporally and spatially. Some deviations occur because particle mass emissions are highly elevated during sustained fueling events such as traveling on high grades and during sustained accelerations, while particle number emissions are more sensitive to fuel and engine speed fluctuations.     

喷水推进技术在水面舰船声隐身方面的应用研究

阐述了喷水推进技术在水面舰船声隐身方面的优势及应用现状,并对喷水推进装置噪声的机理进行分析,对降低喷水推进装置噪声的一些措施进行了研究。     

水下大型结构声场全息重建的波叠加方法研究

文章针对波叠加法相对于边界元法的巨大优越性,将其应用到分析水下大型结构的声场全息重建问题中。根据波叠加方法的近场声全息技术,结合边界元软件SYSNOISE,重建了一80m长的长椭球壳模型在力激励作用下的空间声场。通过理论推导和数值仿真,分析了各因素对重建精度的影响。将波叠加法的计算结果与数值软件计算的结果进行对比,证明了应用波叠加法对其声场进行全息重建的方法是可行有效的,而且计算时间短、效率高、计算精度也完全满足工程需要。进一步拓宽了波叠加法在计算水下结构振动声辐射和声全息问题的应用范围。     

海运温室气体减排市场机制对班轮经营的影响

班轮运输中船舶航速快,燃油消耗费用在成本中占比高.因此,与燃油消耗量密切相关的“海运温室气体减排市场机制”的实施将使班轮运输受到的影响较其他运输方式大.为研究减排市场机制对班轮经营的影响,比较了目前在国际海事组织讨论的三类主要市场机制的运行特征,分析了它们对海运运输成本的影响途径以及因实施海运排放交易体系(METS)和国际海运温室气体基金机制(GHG FUND)而产生的碳成本.在此基础上,定量分析了集装箱班轮航线经营中不同船型、航速情景下,实施市场机制产生的碳成本随燃油价格和碳价格变化的规律.结果表明,在班轮航线上,为降低温室气体排放而降低航速,尽管使投入船舶增多,但整体营运效益得到改善.高速、大型船舶减速后带来的成本降低效应比小型、低速船舶来得大.     

2 kHz high power smart transducer for acoustic sub-bottom profiling applications

In this study,a 2kHz Tonpilz projector was designed using a Terfenol-D and modeled in ATILA.For the purpose of modeling studies,it has been determined that a radiating head mass exhibits better transmitting current response（TCR） at 136 mm diameter,where the resonance occurs at 2.4kHz and the peak value of 118 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1 m occurs at 12 kHz.Also bolt at a 46mm distance from the center of the head mass offers resonance at 2.4kHz,and the peak value of 115.3 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1m occurs at 11.5kHz.This optimized design is fabricated and molded with polyurethane of 3mm thickness.The prototype was tested at the Acoustic Test Facility（ATF） of National Institute of Ocean Technology（NIOT） for its underwater performances.Based on the result,the fundamental resonance was determined to be 2.18kHz and the peak value of TCR of 182 dB re 1 μPa/A at 1m occurs at 14 kHz.The maximum value of the RS was found to be -190 dB re 1V/μPa at 1m at a frequency of 2.1kHz.     

液化石油气汽车颗粒物数量排放特征的研究

利用颗粒物数量测试仪器ELPI对瞬态循环下的汽油车和液化石油气汽车进行颗粒物排放测量.结果表明,两种车辆排放的颗粒物中,粒径小于70nm的颗粒物均占绝对优势,占总排放的80％～ 90％;大于490nm的颗粒物在总排放中的比例均非常小.且颗粒物数量排放浓度随着车速的升高而增加,尤其是车速超过70km/h后,颗粒物数量排放随车速的增幅升高.但两种车辆相对比较,汽油车排放的颗粒物数量比液化石油气汽车多.     

浅析车用尿素溶液在国内重型柴油车上的使用

车用尿素溶液是用来配合选择性催化还原技术使用,用于减少车辆的废气排放量,是重型卡车及客车达到国四排放标准的必备产品。结合车用尿素溶液研发和使用过程中积累的经验,阐述车用尿素罐的安装及车用尿素溶液使用注意事项。     

车用发动机尾气发电技术的研究现状

介绍了发动机排气能量回收的意义、潜力以及排气能量回收利用的特点。通过分析不同尾气发电技术的研究现状,总结出涡轮发电是一种比较现实、有发展前景的尾气发电方式。结合涡轮发电的研究现状,探讨了涡轮发电技术的研究趋势。