Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

Simulated responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading

A mathematical model was used to simulate monthly responses of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxia to variations in climate and anthropogenic nutrient loading over a 45-year period. We examined six hypothetical future scenarios that are based on observed and projected changes in the Mississippi River discharge, Mississippi River nitrate concentrations, and ambient water temperatures. In particular, we investigated the implications of a 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrogen flux, which was recently proposed by the Mississippi River Watershed/Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Task Force as a measure to reduce the size of the hypoxic zone. Model simulations suggest that the frequency of hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico is highly sensitive to variations in riverine nitrate flux, but also to variations in freshwater discharge and ambient water temperatures. A 30% decrease in the Mississippi River nitrate flux, for example, would reduce the frequency of hypoxia by 37%. Nevertheless, a 20% increase the Mississippi River discharge, which may occur under some climate change scenarios, would produce an increase in the frequency of hypoxia of the same magnitude. Thus, if the potential climatic variations are taken into account, a 30% decrease in the nitrogen flux of the Mississippi River may not be sufficient to accomplish the proposed hypoxia management goal.     

提高双波峰焊机焊接质量的分析及方法

主要叙述了有关双波峰焊机各技术参数对焊接质量的影响，对关键技术方面进行了相应的分析。分别从焊接前的质量控制、工艺材料及工艺参数等几个方面探讨了如何提高波峰焊质量的有效方法，围绕如何用好波峰焊机，充分发挥其内在的潜力，提出一些见解。     

早强型抗氯盐硅酸盐水泥在洋山港三期工程中的应用

为解决洋山港三期工程预制构件早期强度较低的问题,对抗氯盐硅酸盐水泥的配方进行改进,开发出早强型抗氯盐硅酸盐水泥。研究结果表明,应用该水泥配制的高性能混凝土均具有较高的早期强度和后期强度,混凝土的电通量较低。综合考虑高性能混凝土的工作性、强度和耐久性,早强型抗氯盐硅酸盐水泥的三氧化硫的含量宜控制在1.3%￣2.2%。     

BTM辐射模式估计研究

在“轨道交通控制与安全”国家重点实验室应答器分析测试平台的基础上，参照UnisigSubset085规范，对测试应答器传输模块的辐射模式估计进行了xml语言规范描述，并基于Labwindows／CVI虚拟仪器开发环境，对测试系统中辐射模式估计功能进行实现，对模块的性能作出正确的评价有重要的指导意义。     

电力牵引工频高压电磁场对人体视—运动反应时的影响

通过对我国电力牵引达２２年区段的２７．５ｋＶ工频电场强度为１．７５－３．４６ｋＶ／ｍ，磁感应强度为０．６０－１．７５ｍＴ，人体感应电流为１０．０８－５８．４０μＡ环境下作业的１３５９名工人和无电磁场接触史的３７５名工人的视－运动反应时值进行的测验和分析。结果表明两组无明显差异。引起视－运动反应时值的延长。结果表明两组无明显差异，引起视－运动反应时值的延长，机体协调功能减退的主要原因是年龄因素的增长     

交流异步电机直接转矩控制理论的研究

直接转矩控制是异步电机交流传动中一种新型控制方法，它充分利用逆变器的开关特点，引入容差控制概念，通过一些简单的计算和调节使异步电机的磁链和转矩在动态时按要求快速变化，因而具有高动态性能，控制电路简单的优点。对直接转矩控制系统的原理与理论作了深入的研究与探讨。     

季节性冻土地区铁路路基冻结深度变化规律研究

对哈齐(哈尔滨—齐齐哈尔)客运专线DK221+150断面温度场进行实测,并对该断面温度场进行了二维有限元分析,研究季节性冻土地区铁路路基冻结深度变化规律及其影响因素,并拟合出冻结深度与热通量及持续冻结时间的函数关系。结果表明:该地区铁路路基最大冻结深度约0.3 m;路基冻结深度主要取决于浅层土体的热通量及持续冻结时间;当表层热通量降低至某一临界值后,土体冻结深度不再发展,冻土厚度开始逐步减少;冻结深度与热通量、持续冻结时间呈线性关系,随着冻结状态时间的延长,热通量的敏感性下降,持续冻结时间敏感性上升。     

长输油气管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术研究

以管道漏磁内检测器为载体,通过对管体进行在线的漏磁内检测,可以达到量化管道缺陷、避免事故发生的目的。文中介绍了管道金属损失漏磁内检测技术,分析了油气管道漏磁内检测技术原理及漏磁内检测系统组成,利用有限元分析方法研究了管道缺陷尺寸对于漏磁场信号的影响,验证了管道漏磁内检测技术的可靠性。     

直接磁场定向控制在主变流器中的应用

由于直接磁场定向控制是通过对电机的反馈测量而计算出用于控制算法的定子或转子磁链,具有对电机参数变化的自适应作用,因而更加适合于对控制性能要求较高的主变流器的应用.结合电机的电流模型对转子磁链进行辨识,在控制策略中设计了转速、电流、磁链等多个闭环,采用了简单实用的偏差电压解耦方式,构建了完整的控制方案.通过在150 kVA机组上的各种试验,结果表明该控制系统运行稳定、动态性能好,满足实际运用的要求.