Actively controlled vehicle suspension with energy regeneration capabilities

The paper presents an innovative dual purpose automotive suspension topology, combining for the first time the active damping qualities with mechanical vibrations power regeneration capabilities. The new configuration consists of a linear generator as an actuator, a power processing stage based on a gyrator operating under sliding mode control and dynamics controllers. The researched design is simple and energetically efficient, enables an accurate force–velocity suspension characteristic control as well as energy regeneration control, with no practical implementation constraints imposed over the theoretical design. Active damping is based on Skyhook suspension control scheme, which enables overcoming the passive damping tradeoff between high- and low-frequency performance, improving both body isolation and the tire's road grip. The system-level design includes configuration of three system operation modes: passive, semi–active or fully active damping, all using the same electro-mechanical infrastructure, and each focusing on different objective: dynamics improvement or power regeneration. Conclusively, the innovative hybrid suspension is theoretically researched, practically designed and analysed, and proven to be feasible as well as profitable in the aspects of power regeneration, vehicle dynamics improvement and human health risks reduction.     

Analytical solutions for optimal ride comfort and tyre grip for passive vehicle suspensions

The paper derives analytical solutions for the global optimum of the ride comfort and tyre grip performance measures for a quarter-car vehicle model optimised both individually and in combination. The solutions are derived for six simple suspension networks comprising one or two springs, one damper and possibly one inerter. The solutions are functions of four vehicle parameters: the sprung mass, the unsprung mass, the tyre stiffness and the static stiffness, of the suspension.     

Vehicle yaw stability control using active limited-slip differential via model predictive control methods

In this paper, the problem of vehicle yaw control using an active limited-slip differential (ALSD) applied on the rear axle is addressed. The controller objective is to minimise yaw-rate and body slip-angle errors, with respect to target values. A novel model predictive controller is designed, using a linear parameter-varying (LPV) vehicle model, which takes into account the ALSD dynamics and its constraints. The controller is simulated using a 10DOF Matlab/Simulink simulation model and a CarSim model. These simulations exemplify the controller yaw-rate and slip-angle tracking performances, under challenging manoeuvres and road conditions. The model predictive controller performances surpass those of a reference sliding mode controller, and can narrow the loss of performances due to the ALSD's inability to transfer torque regardless of driving conditions.     

测力可调支座在改善桥梁受力状态中的应用

某桥异形板区域单点支承的异形板结构,由于受各种综合因素影响,桥梁基础产生不同程度的沉降,从而对异形板整体受力状态产生影响,造成中横梁抗剪能力不足。对该横梁受力进行分析,为改善其受力状态,提高加固措施(或材料)的利用效率,运用主动加固的理念,创造性地采用"测力可调支座"结合钢盖梁支顶(π形钢盖梁支顶),较好地解决了异形板桥梁加固的难题。     

汽车爆胎特性建模与主动制动控制策略

为了提高汽车在突发爆胎事故时的稳定性,对爆胎汽车主动制动控制策略进行了研究。根据车轮爆胎时间与压力变化的关系,在UniTire模型基础上建立了爆胎模型;根据电子稳定性控制系统中横摆角速度及质心侧偏角对汽车稳定性影响的关系,基于二自由度汽车动力学模型,通过计算汽车横摆角速度及质心侧偏角实际值与理想值的偏差,并基于线性二次型调节器最优控制方法决策出最优附加横摆力矩,从而修正爆胎后汽车的运动状态。最后通过计算机仿真对所提策略的有效性进行了验证。结果表明：主动制动控制策略可以保证爆胎过程中汽车的行驶稳定性和安全性。     

模糊自适应PID控制在耙吸式挖泥船主动耙头的应用

为了减轻操作人员的工作强度,提高耙吸式挖泥船主动耙头自动控制的响应速度、精度和稳定性,通过分析主动耙头的结构和工作原理,建立主动耙头的运动学模型,根据主动耙头的特点,设计了一种模糊自适应PID控制器,研究了应用PLC实现该控制器的方法。利用MATLAB对该控制器进行了仿真。结果表明,该控制器具有较好的快速性、鲁棒性和稳定性。     

基于ADRC的船舶主机控制器设计与仿真研究

船舶主机速度控制系统由于具有典型的非线性和不确定性特性,并受到调速器执行能力的约束以及风、浪、流等的干扰,使得主机速度控制器的设计非常困难。该文给出了带有船舶主机速度控制非线性数学模型以及海浪扰动数学模型,对自抗扰控制(ADRC)原理进行了简要介绍;设计了船舶主机ADRC控制器。仿真结果表明:该控制器对于船舶主机的非线性、参数不确定性、环境不确定性以及控制对象的模型变化均有较强的鲁棒性;速度切换控制过程快速、平滑,油门调整小,可以实现高精度的速度控制。     

基于视频目标检测的桥梁防船撞主动预警技术研究*

为减少船撞桥事故的发生,提高桥区水域的通航安全等级,以目标检测算法为基础通过AForge.NET工具包设计实现对桥区水域的运动船舶实时检测与跟踪。根据运动船舶的航行轨迹预测船舶航向,判断船舶是否具有撞桥危险并做出相应预警措施。并在安徽淮河干流蚌埠段等进行验证试验,试验结果表明检测效果良好,能够对高等级航道桥群河段的桥梁防撞主动预警提供有效可行的实施方案。     

九江长江公路大桥北塔下横梁施工方案研究

九江长江公路大桥主桥采用(70+75+84)m+818 m+(233.5+124.5)m双塔不对称混合梁斜拉桥,H形桥塔塔肢间设上、中、下3道横梁.为确定该桥北塔下横梁施工方案,对同步施工方案、异步施工方案、异步施工+主动横撑方案进行分析.结果表明:异步施工+主动横撑方案结构受力合理、施工工期短、施工风险小,确定为下横梁最终施工方案.经优化,主动横撑采用2根Φ1200 mm×12 mm的螺旋焊管制作,每根施加2000 kN 水平推力,在下横梁第一层混凝土强度达到90％之后,施加第一批横向预应力前撤掉水平推力;采取增加塔柱混凝土凿毛厚度、加强局部振捣的方法,保证新老混凝土结合面混凝土的施工质量.     

基于单片机的船舶主动避碰系统设计

船舶作为一种重要的交通运输工具,具有载货量多,运输成本低,污染小等优点。但船舶航行条件比较复杂,其体积和重量比较大,导致惯性大、灵活性差、机动性不好,稍有操作不慎,就有可能发生碰撞事故。船舶不像其他陆上交通工具,具有较好的视野和灵活性,可及时发现故障和采取躲避措施。所以对于船舶而言,需要实现其主动避碰功能。本文基于单片机,设计一种船舶的主动避碰系统,采用超声波测距的方式测量与其他船舶或障碍物的距离,实现船舶的主动避碰。