论城市用地和交通的相互关系

城市是一个复杂的社会经济系统,人们在城市系统中从事各种活动。在城市活动与其用地和出行需求之间,存在着极其复杂的相互关系。认识这种关系并利用其中的规律来进行科学合理的城市用地和交通规划,是城市规划和城市交通学科的基础研究课题之一。从分析城市活动入手,揭示了城市活动是用地和出行的需求之源,进而阐述了城市活动的两个基本供应子系统——用地和交通之间的相互关系。指出重视用地和交通的交互作用,寻求城市活动与其用地和交通之间的供求平衡,既是维持城市健康发展,也是指导城市用地和交通规划的基本原则。     

《民法典》对抵押制度的修改以及对船舶抵押权产生的影响

船舶抵押融资对造船业、航运业有着至关重要的影响,事关抵押权人、抵押人以及买受人三方之间的利益.过去的立法对抵押财产转让的条件以及正常经营活动中买受人规则的适用范围等做出了严格限制,以此来保护抵押权人的利益.2020年5月28日正式通过的《民法典》对原有抵押制度进行了一系列的修改,改善了实践中抵押权人、抵押人和买受人三方...     

高职院校英语第二课堂活动的调查与探讨

英语第二课堂教学活动是第一课堂教学活动的补充、延伸和实践基地.情境认知理论下的英语第二课堂活动通过塑造真实的英语语言环境,使学生语言知识得到积累.本文基于对本院英语第二课堂活动的调查,分析了目前第二课堂面临的问题,并对英语第二课堂的有效开展提出了建议,以真正发挥第二课堂在英语教学、学习中的作用.     

A Time-use Model for the Automated Vehicle-era

Automated Vehicles (AVs) offer their users a possibility to perform new non-driving activities while being on the way. The effects of this opportunity on travel choices and travel demand have mostly been conceptualised and modelled via a reduced penalty associated with (in-vehicle) travel time. This approach invariably leads to a prediction of more car-travel. However, we argue that reductions in the size of the travel time penalty are only a crude proxy for the variety of changes in time-use and travel patterns that are likely to occur at the advent of AVs. For example, performing activities in an AV can save time and in this way enable the execution of other activities within a day. Activities in an AV may also eliminate or generate a need for some other activities and travel. This may lead to an increase, or decrease in travel time, depending on the traveller’s preferences, schedule, and local accessibility. Neglecting these dynamics is likely to bias forecasts of travel demand and travel behaviour in the AV-era. In this paper, we present an optimisation model which rigorously captures the time-use effects of travellers’ ability to perform on-board activities. Using a series of worked out examples, we test the face validity of the model and demonstrate how it can be used to predict travel choices in the AV-era.     

基于运输链的铁路信息化重点领域分析

当前我国铁路信息化存在重点不突出的问题。基于铁路运输业务网络关联,结合价值链理论提出包括客货营销、运输组织、经营管理的铁路运输链,将运输链中的价值活动区分为主要活动和辅助支持活动。为提升铁路运输活动价值充分运用信息技术,明确铁路信息化重点领域依次为运输组织、客货营销和经营管理。     

Exploring the propensity to perform social activities: a social network approach

Conceptual and empirical models of the propensity to perform social activity–travel behavior are described, which incorporate the influence of individuals’ social context, namely their social networks. More explicitly, the conceptual model develops the concepts of egocentric social networks, social activities, and social episodes, and defines the three sets of aspects that influence the propensity to perform social activities: individuals’ personal attributes, social network composition, and information and communication technology interaction with social network members. Using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique and data recently collected in Toronto, the empirical model tests the effect of these three aspects on the propensity to perform social activities. Results suggest that the social networks framework provides useful insights into the role of physical space, social activity types, communication and information technology use, and the importance of “with whom” the activity was performed with. Overall, explicitly incorporating social networks into the activity–travel behavior modeling framework provides a promising framework to understand social activities and key aspects of the underlying behavioral process. Juan Antonio Carrasco a PhD candidate in Civil Engineering at the University of Toronto, holds a MSc degree in Transportation Engineering from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. His doctoral research explores the relationships between social networks, activity–travel behavior, and ICTs. His research interests also include microsimulation, land use-transportation, and econometric modeling. Eric J. Miller is Bahen-Tanenbaum Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Toronto where he is also Director of the Joint Program in Transportation. His research interests include integrated land-use/transportation modeling, activity-based travel modeling, microsimulation and sustainable transportation planning.     

A model of joint activity participation between household members

A proportional shares model of daily time allocation is developed and applied to the analysis of joint activity participation between adult household members. The model is unique in its simultaneous representation of each decision maker's decisions concerning independent activity participation, allocation of time to joint activities, and the interplay between individual and joint activities. Further, the model structure ensures that predicted shares of joint activity outcomes be the same for both decision makers, an improvement over models that do not make interpersonal linkages explicit. The empirical analysis of travel diary data shows that employment commitments and childcare responsibilities have significant effects on tradeoffs between joint and independent activities. In addition, evidence is presented for the continued relevance of gender-based role differences in caring for children and employment participation.     

An analysis of children’s leisure activity engagement: examining the day of week, location, physical activity level, and fixity dimensions

This paper presents a detailed analysis of discretionary leisure activity engagement by children. Children’s leisure activity engagement is of much interest to transportation professionals from an activity-based travel demand modeling perspective, to child development professionals from a sociological perspective, and to health professionals from an active lifestyle perspective that can help prevent obesity and other medical ailments from an early age. Using data from the 2002 Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this paper presents a detailed analysis of children’s discretionary activity engagement by day of week (weekend versus weekday), location (in-home versus out-of-home), type of activity (physically active versus passive), and nature of activity (structured versus unstructured). A mixed multiple discrete-continuous extreme value model formulation is adopted to account for the fact that children may participate in multiple activities and allocate positive time duration to each of the activities chosen. It is found that children participate at the highest rate and for the longest duration in passive unstructured leisure activities inside the home. Children in households with parents who are employed, higher income, or higher education were found to participate in structured outdoor activities at higher rates. The child activity modeling framework and methodology presented in this paper lends itself for incorporation into larger activity-based travel model systems where it is imperative that children’s activity-travel patterns be explicitly modeled—both from a child health and well-being policy perspective and from a travel forecasting perspective.

大型活动交通需求管理研究及应用

为了保证大型活动安全、高效运营,围绕交通需求管理（TDM）的作用机理,在对纽约、伦敦和新加坡及香港、上海实施的交通需求管理政策和措施进行分析总结的基础上,结合我国城市的发展现状．提出国内城市大型活动进行交通需求管理的方法,并通过实际事例对提出的方法进行了验证。     

谈谈“行政执法一面旗”与海事文化建设

"行政执法一面旗"建设,强调依法行政,执法为民理念,体现海事行政执法先进性,是社会主义核心价值体系的重要内容,是海事系统践行"三个服务"的重要举措,是海事事业科学发展的重要保证.海事文化是海事系统在长期水上安全监督、改革发展中倡导、积累、筛选、提炼形成的思想方法、价值取向和行为习惯,是海事核心竞争力的核心要素和重要组成部分,代表了海事发展软实力.文中通过探讨"行政执法一面旗"建设和海事文化建设的内在关系,以此加深对"行政执法一面旗"深刻内涵的理解,拓宽海事文化发展思路,促进海事事业又好又快发展.