缺血后处理对大鼠肝大部切除后残肝缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的探讨缺血后处理对肝大部切除后残肝缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法选取健康清洁级雄性SD大鼠115只,体重230～280g,其中25只随机分为5组:70%单纯肝切除1组(PH1)、70%肝切除合并缺血再灌注1组(PHIR1)、10s-10s循环3次后处理组(IPO1)、30s-30s循环3次后处理组(IPO2)和60s-60s循环3次后处理组(IPO3)。再灌注6h后取各组大鼠下腔静脉血及残肝组织,测定血清ALT、AST活性及肝细胞凋亡指数,选取保护效果最佳的后处理方案。剩余90只大鼠随机分为3组:PH2组、PHIR2组和IPO组,并于再灌注1、6、12、24、48h取各组大鼠下腔静脉血及残肝组织,每时点6只,测定血清ALT、AST活性及肝组织丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)水平。结果与PH1组比较,PHIR1组、IPO1组、IPO2组和IPO3组血清ALT和AST活性、肝细胞凋亡指数均升高(P<0.05);与PHIR1组比较,IPO1组、IPO2和IPO3组血清ALT和AST活性、肝细胞凋亡指数均降低,但仅IPO2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。选择IPO2组作为后处理方案,与PHIR2组比较,IPO组各时点ALT、AST活性和MDA、MPO表达水平降低(P<0.05),SOD表达水平升高(P<0.05)。结论缺血后处理可以减轻肝大部切除后残肝的缺血再灌注损伤,其机制与抑制氧化反应,减少自由基生成,减轻炎细胞浸润等有关。     

基于行人碰撞事故重建的颅脑损伤准则效能研究

为了深入研究不同颅脑损伤准则对道路交通事故中行人颅脑损伤的预测与评价性能,从已有的交通事故调查数据库中选出可以用于进行事故虚拟重建且具有详细人体颅脑伤情记录的10例行人车辆碰撞事故案例,采用多刚体动力学和有限元分析方法,对事故中人和车辆运动学响应及行人颅脑损伤情况进行虚拟重建,在此基础上,采用LASSO回归分析方法分析了多个基于人体头部运动学响应的颅脑损伤准则与事故中行人颅脑损伤的相关性;借助文献中的损伤风险曲线,分析了不同基于脑组织应变的损伤准则与行人典型颅脑损伤（弥散性轴索损伤和脑挫伤）之间的关系。研究结果表明：在多个基于人体头部运动学响应的颅脑损伤评价准则中,同时考虑头部线性和旋转运动,且体现头部碰撞功率的头部碰撞能量（HIP）准则能最有效地评价真实的颅脑损伤;基于脑组织应变的颅脑损伤准则中,累计应变损伤测量（CSDM）准则相对于最大主应变（MPS）准则能更有效地评价典型弥散性脑损伤（DAI）,而扩张损伤测量（DDM）准则所反映的脑挫伤程度远低于真实的损伤状况,所以该准则难以准确预测脑挫伤的损伤风险。     

Ports in Proximity – Competition and Coordination among Adjacent Seaports,edited by Theo Notteboom,Cesar Ducruet,and Peter de Langen

The summer minimum extent of Arctic sea ice shrank drastically in these years, and the opportunity on Arctic international shipping emerged. The Northern Sea Route (NSR), formerly blocked by permanent ice, was completely ice-free in September in the past 3 years. Because this route is much shorter than conventional Asia–Europe shipping lane, many maritime countries have paid attention to exploit the enormous potential of the Arctic Ocean from economical consideration. This study measured the economical advantage of the seasonal NSR by calculating the shipping cost saved.     

hCTR1在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中hCTR1的表达与患者临床病理特征的关系以及减轻铂类药副反应的临床方法。方法采用免疫组织化学法,检测54例手术后接受含顺铂方案一线化疗的NSCLC患者组织中hCTR1的表达情况,其中35例患者于化疗前后采取水化、还原型谷胱甘肽、维生素B2及姜黄素等措施,分析hCTR1表达与NSCLC患者临床特征、病理类型、分化程度、临床分期、化疗疗效及化疗副反应的关系。结果 hCTR1的免疫阳性反应主要定位于NSCLC细胞的细胞质;hCTR1表达与含顺铂方案的化疗疗效及淋巴结转移呈正相关(P=0.02,P=0.01),而与年龄(P=0.29)、性别(P=0.32)、病理类型(P=0.19)、临床分期(P=0.52)、分化程度(P=0.62)及是否吸烟(P=0.89)无关;化疗副反应大小与性别(P=0.87)及年龄(P=0.47)无关,与在化疗前后是否采取水化、还原型谷胱甘肽、维生素B2及姜黄素等措施有关(P<0.05)。结论 hCTR1的表达可能是NSCLC患者以铂类为基础治疗的化疗疗效及淋巴结转移的重要预测因子。对于有高表达hCTR1的NSCLC患者化疗时,在化疗前后采取水化、还原型谷胱甘肽、维生素B2及姜黄素等措施,可以减轻化疗副反应。     

弥漫性轴索损伤后内质网钙释放对轴突内早期钙离子浓度的影响

目的研究弥漫性轴索损伤(diffuse axonal injury,DAI)后内质网(endoplasmic reticulum,ER)钙释放的变化,以及对轴突内早期钙离子浓度的影响,并探讨造成ER钙释放的可能分子机制。方法使用体外培养7¹2d的小鼠神经元行轴突牵拉损伤建立体外DAI模型,根据是否行牵拉损伤分为损伤组及对照组。使用ER Tracker Red标记ER,观察ER在轴突损伤前后的分布。通过Fluo-4AM钙探针及激光共聚焦钙成像技术测量单个轴突内钙离子浓度的变化,并使用20mmol/L咖啡因作用于细胞,使ER内钙离子快速排空,测量轴突部位咖啡因作用前后的钙离子浓度变化,从而间接观察ER内钙存量的变化。结果 ER Tracker Red荧光结果显示ER存在于神经元轴突部位中,损伤后的轴突肿胀部位存在ER聚集的现象。神经元牵拉损伤后,被牵拉的轴突钙离子浓度明显升高,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),受损的轴突表现出肿胀及"串珠样"变性等病理学改变。除损伤后2min外,使用无钙细胞外液虽然明显降低了牵拉损伤导致的轴突的钙离子浓度升高,但在212d的小鼠神经元行轴突牵拉损伤建立体外DAI模型,根据是否行牵拉损伤分为损伤组及对照组。使用ER Tracker Red标记ER,观察ER在轴突损伤前后的分布。通过Fluo-4AM钙探针及激光共聚焦钙成像技术测量单个轴突内钙离子浓度的变化,并使用20mmol/L咖啡因作用于细胞,使ER内钙离子快速排空,测量轴突部位咖啡因作用前后的钙离子浓度变化,从而间接观察ER内钙存量的变化。结果 ER Tracker Red荧光结果显示ER存在于神经元轴突部位中,损伤后的轴突肿胀部位存在ER聚集的现象。神经元牵拉损伤后,被牵拉的轴突钙离子浓度明显升高,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),受损的轴突表现出肿胀及"串珠样"变性等病理学改变。除损伤后2min外,使用无钙细胞外液虽然明显降低了牵拉损伤导致的轴突的钙离子浓度升高,但在2³0min时间段中钙离子浓度升高依然存在,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。对照组中未经牵拉损伤的神经元轴突可被20mmol/L咖啡因激起一个明显的轴突钙离子浓度升高,而牵拉损伤后的轴突对咖啡因的这种钙升高反应程度明显下降,与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 DAI后的轴突钙离子浓度升高不仅由细胞外钙内流引起,细胞内钙释放同样参与其中。ER是引起这种DAI后轴突内钙释放的细胞器来源。     

Interaction between fragile histamine triad and protein kinase C alpha in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues

Objective To investigate the interaction between fragile histamine triad (FHIT) and protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Methods FHIT and PKC伪 double positive samples were screened by immunohistochemical staining from 13 human non-small cell lung cancer tissues. Co-immunoprecipitation was performed by using anti-FHIT and anti-PKCα. The immune precipitate was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results Immune precipitate staining detection showed that 3 samples out of the 13 cases were double positive for FHIT and PKCα. FHIT protein was present in the immune precipitate of anti-PKCα while there was PKCα in the immune precipitate of anti-FHITmAb. Conclusion FHIT and PKCα exist as a complex in human non-small cell lung cancer tissues, which will provide a new route for studying the pathogenesis and immunotherapy of human non-small cell lung cancer.     

Protective effect of glutamine pretreatment on ischemia-reperfusion injury of spinal cord in rabbits

Objective To investigate the effect of glutamine (Gln) on the content of reduced glutathione hormone (GSH) and aminoglutaminic acid (Glu) of spinal cord following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods Totally 40 healthy adult male rabbits were randomly divided into five groups: sham-operation group (S group), ischemia-reperfusion injury group (I/R group), low-dose glutamine group (L Gln group), median-dose glutamine group (M Gln group) and high-dose glutamine group (H Gln group). After glutamine preconditioning, the model of spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury was established according to Zivin's method. The general status of animals was observed and the changes of Jacobs scoring were recorded in each group. Malondialdehydes (MDA), GSH, Glu and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lumbar spinal cord tissues were determined using chemical colorimetry. The neuron number and deviation rate in spinal cord anterior horn were observed histopathologically. Results There was no significant difference between L Gin group and I/R group in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA and Glu, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord (P>0.05); however, there was a significant difference in GSH content of spinal cord (P<0.05). M Gln group and I/R group differed significantly (P<0.05) in behavior scoring, SOD activity, content of MDA, Glu, GSH, neuron number and deviation rate of spinal cord. Between H Gln group and M Gln group, there was no significant difference in behavior scoring, content of MDA and Glu, SOD activity, neuron number and aberration rate in spinal cord (P>0.05), whereas there was a significant difference in SOD activity and Giu content (P<0.05). Conclusion Pretreatment with medium-dose glutamine has a protective effect on spinal cord ischemia-reporfasion injury in rabbits, which may be related to the maintenance of GSH content, increase of SOD activity and reduction of MDA.     

Effect of ulinastatin on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Methods Totally 24 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: sham-operated control group (SO group), ischemia-reperfusion group (I/R group) and ulinastatin group (UTI group). Liver in I/R group underwent 1 h of reperfasion after 30 min of ischemia. In UTI group, UTI (2×104 U/kg) was administered to rats 30 min before modeling. The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in serum were measured and the levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were determined. The histological changes of liver were observed. Results The levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased in I/R group compared with those in UTI group (P<0.05). The levels of nitric oxide and malondialdehyde in liver were significantly higher in I/R group than in UTI group (P<0.05).Histological examination of liver indicated that the damages were more severe in I/R group than in UTI group.Conclusion UTI has the ability to inhibit the production of TNF-α and oxyradical, and ameliorate microcirculatory dysfunction in rats with hepatic ischemia-reperfasion injury.     

SBS改性沥青粘结防水层的作用和施工控制

通过作者在高速公路大中修的实践,分析SBS改性沥青粘结防水层在预防水损坏起到的作用和施工过程的控制.     

摩托车事故特征分析

基于上海市嘉定区2006-2007年的81起摩托车事故数据,从事故次数、受伤人数、死亡人数、头盔佩戴情况等几个方面进行了统计分析;以事故形态分类,对事故后果进行了相应的伤害分析,从而为摩托车乘员与车辆碰撞机理和摩托车乘员保护措施的进一步研究提供了依据。