Mode selection of tractor-and-semitrailer swap transport for ro-ro shipping under land-sea combined transportation

ABSTRACT

Combining ro-ro shipping and tractor-and-semitrailer swap transport under land-sea combined transportation can reduce operating costs and improve the safety of maritime transport. In addition, selection of the tractor-and-semitrailer swap mode (i.e., the ship-swap mode and port-swap mode) is a critical factor that affects the efficiency and cost of ro-ro ship loading/unloading. Considering inland pickup/delivery and ship loading/unloading, this paper develops a model that determines the mode of tractor-and-semitrailer swap transport with the objective of minimizing the total cost. This study also considers constraints such as empty semitrailer exchange and multiple time windows associated with customer receiving/delivery locations and the ro-ro ship. A hybrid simulated annealing (SA) is applied to solve the problem. By analysing numerical examples, the results show that the port-swap mode is more suitable than the ship-swap mode when the number of tasks is large because the port-swap mode can perform more tasks with fewer tractors than the ship-swap mode and because the port-swap mode can service receiving/delivery locations and finish ship loading/unloading more punctually than the ship-swap mode. Thus, this research provides a useful reference for road transport carriers and port firms to select the mode of tractor-and-semitrailer swap transport for ro-ro shipping.     

Vulnerability analysis of global container shipping liner network based on main channel disruption

The Malacca Strait, the Suez Canal and the Panama Canal play an important role in the global container shipping. To study the impact of main channel interruption on the container shipping, we analysed statistical data on all routes operated by the top 100 global container liner companies and constructed a network model. We selected four topological metrics to measure the network’s connectivity and used the network weekly total shipping capacity and average shortest shipping time to measure the network’s transportation capacity and transportation time. The interruption of the main channel is simulated, and the changes in the metrics are analysed. The results indicated that the network’s vulnerability is sensitive to main channel interruption. If the Malacca Strait is interrupted, the network’s prosperity degree fall by almost half and the network’s transportation time increase by more than a quarter if the Suez Canal is interrupted. In addition, East Asian and European container liner shipping have more than 50% dependence on the Malacca Strait and the Suez Canal. Moreover, the container transport time between ports in East Asia, Europe, and North America and the rest of the world increases by an average of 4–9 days in the main channel interruption.     

动力定位船舶的自适应滑模观测器设计

针对含有未知扰动等不确定性的船舶动力定位系统,在系统不确定性不满足匹配条件的情况下,提出了一种自适应滑模观测器的设计方法。首先通过构造辅助输出使匹配条件得以满足,设计高增益观测器估计含有未知变量的辅助输出;接着基于滑模变结构理论对带有辅助输出的新系统进行观测器设计,通常船舶动力定位系统的不确定性上界值未知,采用自适应律调整滑模面增益,保证系统鲁棒性的同时还可避免增益取值过大而造成的抖振问题;然后将观测器增益矩阵的设计转化为求解线性矩阵不等式约束的优化问题;最后通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性。     

基于参数自适应PID的船用阀门爆破片寿命试验机压力测试方法

文章设计的爆破片寿命试验机采用基于上下位机控制的气液增压技术实现爆破片测试压力的伺服控制。为满足气液增压爆破片压力控制这一非线性系统的控制精度要求,文章建立气液增压控制系统的数学模型,设计并应用一种基于模糊逻辑控制器以实现参数自适应调整的PID控制器。试验测试结果表明：爆破片寿命试验机不仅达到了设计要求,同时符合国家标准对阀门爆破片性能测试的相关规定,所建立的气液增压伺服系统数学模型对同类工程研究具有一定的指导意义。     

数字信号相关法在船闸人字闸门母材厚度测量中的应用

针对超声测厚的精度问题,分析了超声回波时间差的识别计算方法,并提出了一种基于最小二乘多项式拟合的方法来提取相关系数峰值。该方法可兼顾回波时差的计算精度和计算复杂度,得到较准确的时差计算值。该方法应用到湘江二级航道二期工程二线船闸人字闸门母材厚度测量中,测量结果准确可靠,为人字闸门等金属结构的质量控制提供准确的数据支撑。     

基于路径特征的自动化码头AGV自适应交通控制

针对集装箱码头双向导引自由路径环境下水平运输系统交通管理的难题,在考虑车辆物理尺寸、轨迹及行车规则的基础上,构建合理栅格单位的环境地图,建立多车多任务路径的交通控制模型,并提出一种基于路径特征的自适应交通控制方法,采用滚动调度策略和启发式策略的遗传算法进行算例试验。结果表明,相比于固定预留方法,所提出的方法以更小的区段为调度间隔,并形成自适应计划期,预留栅格数量更灵活,实现了灵活区段定义下的道路自适应预留调度并避免阻塞,提高了道路资源的利用率。     

长江下游张家洲水道6 m水深航道治理措施

为实现武汉至安庆段6 m水深初通,需对该河段进行航道整治。张家洲水道为其中一段,是长江中下游重点碍航浅滩水道之一。在已建航道整治研究的基础上,依据张家洲水道原型观测基础资料,分析6 m水深航道条件及其变化趋势,提出整治思路及原则。同时结合物理模型试验,对本水道演变趋势进行预测,并开展整治方案效果试验研究。成果表明,随着整治方案的实施,本水道6 m水深航道条件基本能达到,仅少数不利水沙年份需辅以一定量的维护性疏浚。     

三峡库尾礁石子急滩成因分析及航道整治

针对长江上游变动回水区河段在三峡水库消落期表现出的复杂通航环境,以广阳坝礁石子河段整治为例,研究该河段浅滩和急滩复合碍航特性。采用船舶阻力计算方法,确定5 000吨级船型的自航上滩水力指标,通过定床物理模型试验,得出该河段滩险成因并提出整体治理思路与滩险整治方案。分析整治效果可知,工程实施后,航道尺度达到通航设计标准,可满足5 000吨级船舶通航的水流条件。     

基于国际航运协会(PIANC)规范的港池及航道平面尺度探讨

针对港池和航道平面尺度的分析和计算,PIANC规范提出在概念设计阶段根据自然条件、船舶的基本参数、周边泊位的影响,利用公式对水域尺度进行快速计算,在详细设计阶段应采用仿真试验模拟实际工况,准确地确定航道布置及尺度。以东南亚某LNG码头工程为例,将采用PIANC规范公式与仿真试验计算的港口水域尺度进行对比。结果表明,与公式计算相比,仿真试验能更准确、真实地模拟不同工况下的船舶航行轨迹。成果可为类似工程提供借鉴。     

IMO船载航行数据记录仪性能标准简介

船载航行数据记录仪(VDR)是以一种可靠和可恢复的方式,保持船舶在事故前后一段时间,与船舶位置、运动状态、指挥和控制相关信息储存的仪器。IMO对VDR和S-VDR(船载简化的航行数据记录仪)性能标准通过了4项决议,文中简要介绍了经修订的VDR性能标准的"目的"和"定义",VDR的"运行要求",包括"最终记录介质"、"数据选择和安全性"以及"运行连续性"等,特别是列出了MSC.333(90)中要求的20个"应记录的数据项"。本文还对VDR的"运行"和"接口连接"以及"调查机构所使用的下载和回放设备"作了简述。