利用试验模态参数对轮胎垂直特性建模

本文用试验模态参数建立轮胎模型。通过对轮胎的和径向和切向激振试验获取模态参数，将地面对轮胎的作用当作输入。采用迭代算法计算了静态垂直特性，即垂直刚度、印迹长度及摩擦力在纵向的分布。然后计算了考虑轮胎预载的３００Ｈｚ内的垂直振动特性。采用模态综合方向将车轮、悬架及车身组合成的一个系统，计算出了该系统的垂直振动特性。研究显示了这种方法的可靠性和优越性。     

柔性尾鳍仿金枪鱼水下机器人自主游动研究

文章数值模拟了柔性尾鳍的仿金枪鱼水下机器人从静止加速到稳定巡游的自主游动过程,分析了其运动过程中的运动和水动力性能特点及变化,并与刚性尾鳍模型进行了比较.同时详细分析了尾鳍的运动参数如频率,摆动幅度,横移振幅对仿金枪鱼自主游动过程的影响.结果表明,仿金枪鱼在启动加速时效率较低,柔性变形可以较大地提高仿金枪鱼的推进效率;尾鳍的运动参数对自主游动过程有很大的影响:在一定的范围内,增大尾鳍的运动频率、摆动幅度和横移振幅可以提高运动速度、推力和推进效率,但过大的摆幅会降低推进效率.     

Electric vehicles’ energy consumption estimation with real driving condition data

The use of electric vehicles (EVs) is viewed as an attractive option to reduce CO₂ emissions and fuel consumption resulted from transport sector, but the popularization of EVs has been hindered by the cruising range limitation and the charging process inconvenience. Energy consumption characteristics analysis is the important foundation to study charging infrastructures locating, eco-driving behavior and energy saving route planning, which are helpful to extend EVs’ cruising range. From a physical and statistical view, this paper aims to develop a systematic energy consumption estimation approach suitable for EV actual driving cycles. First, by employing the real second-by-second driving condition data collected on typical urban travel routes, the energy consumption characteristics analysis is carried out specific to the microscopic driving parameters (instantaneous speed and acceleration) and battery state of charge (SOC). Then, based on comprehensive consideration of the mechanical dynamics characteristics and electric machine system of the EVs, a set of energy consumption rate estimation models are established under different operation modes from a statistical perspective. Finally, the performance of proposed model is fully evaluated by comparing with a conventional energy consumption estimation method. The results show that the proposed modeling approach represents a significant accuracy improvement in the estimation of real-world energy consumption. Specifically, the model precision increases by 25.25% in decelerating mode compared to the conventional model, while slight improvement in accelerating and cruising mode with desirable goodness of fit.     

Methodological challenges in modelling the choice of mode for a new travel alternative using binary stated choice data – The case of high speed rail in Norway

Binary stated choices between traveller’s current travel mode and a not-yet-existing mode might be used to build a forecasting model with all (current and future) travel alternatives. One challenge with this approach is the identification of the most appropriate inter-alternative error structure of the forecasting model.By critically assessing the practise of translating estimated group scale parameters into nest parameters, we illustrate the inherent limitations of such binary choice data. To overcome some of the problems, we use information from both stated and revealed choice data and propose a model with a cross-nested logit specification, which is estimated on the pooled data set.     

轻轨车辆用耐候钢冲压性能及工艺参数试验研究

本文论述了耐候钢耐腐蚀及高强度的特点,给出了其经试验得到的有关冲压性能和冲压工艺参数,为拟定工艺和设计模具提供了依据.     

基于交叉口交通流影响程度的不利天气分级方法

信号交叉口的交通流由于受到不利天气的影响呈现不同特征,根据不同级别不利天气设置有针对性的信号控制方案,是减少天气对交通运行影响的重要途径.本文选取北京市不同规模、不同类型的信号交叉口为观测对象,以视频采集方式获取了2012 年 4 月–2013 年2 月期间不同类型和强度的不利天气条件下交叉口交通流数据,通过显著性差异分析、回归拟合的方法,分析了交叉口直行车道饱和车头时距、饱和流率及起动损失时间等特征参数的变化,构建了信号交叉口特征参数的影响模型,量化了降雨、降雪天气对交叉口交通流的影响.最后,基于不利天气对交通流特征参数的折减程度,将不同类别的不利天气统一划分为四级,并明确了各级不利天气对应的饱和流率折减范围,为制定天气响应型的交通控制方案提供了重要的参数基础.     

基于灰色模糊数的城市公交换乘站点综合评价分析

通过利用灰色模糊数的三参数区间数建立了城市公交换乘站点的综合评价模型,并结合模糊数学的思想,充分考虑了换乘因素中的灰色信息,更加全面、合理的对公交换乘站点进行了综合评价研究,克服了传统换乘算法在现实运用中缺乏人性化的缺陷.最后,通过算例分析,进一步验证了方法的有效性.     

强夯法在护岸工程高填方路基处理中的应用

笔者根据重庆地区滨江路建设中的高填方路基处理的工程实践,对护岸工程中高填方路基土强夯处理的设计参数选择、质量检测等问题进行分析.研究表明,在护岸工程高填方路基处理中,强夯法是一种最为快捷、经济且有效的方法.     

苏北地区典型路面半刚性基层设计参数试验研究

通过对苏北地区常用的二灰稳定碎石和水泥稳定碎石两种半刚性基层材料进行试验,分析得出合理的试验数据处理方法．研究该地区半刚性基层材料有关特性及各参数间相关关系,最后提出其设计参数的合理推荐值,为该地区公路设计提供科学依据。     

路基上双块式无砟轨道结构的参数影响分析

针对路基上双块式无砟轨道的结构形式,建立钢轨-扣件-轨下垫板-双块式轨枕-道床板-混凝土底座-弹性基础的有限元分析模型,应用大型国际通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对比分析不同的扣件刚度、不同的支承层厚度以及支承层弹性模量的变化对于路基上双块式无砟轨道结构的影响,为我国无砟轨道的结构设计和工程实践提供依据。