Exploring Participants' Views of Participatory Coastal and Marine Resource Management Processes

It is generally accepted that stakeholders, including resource users, scientists, conservationists, government and nongovernment organizations, and the general public, can contribute positively to management processes and may even benefit from such processes. However, we continue to struggle with how to design processes that effectively involve these stakeholders. To illuminate potential improvements to traditional processes, this study examines participants’ perceptions of coastal and marine resource management processes. Through semi-structured interviews, respondents describe how they feel about various elements of participatory processes. Responses offer insight into the multiple dimensions of participatory process elements described in the literature, such as influence on decisions, exchange of information, access to the process, transparent decision making, and others. Responses also identify additional elements that have received limited attention in the public-participation literature: hosting meetings at various scales, recognizing differences within interest groups, and considering the context of a process. Results from this study will help to inform the design of participatory coastal and marine resource management processes.     

港口规划环境影响评价中公众参与模式探讨

国家对环境影响评价工作中的公众参与非常重视,相继出台多项相关法规政策。目前对于建设项目环境影响评价中公众参与的形式和方法国内外已有一些理论研究和较多的实践应用,但对于规划环境影响评价中采取何种有效的公众参与模式尚需深入研究。通过对国内十多个港口总体规划环评案例进行归纳总结,阐述了港口规划环评公众参与的目的与意义,分析提出了港口规划环评公众参与的工作原则、工作方案和调查意见统计分析方法,并针对港口规划环评公众参与的重点和难点进行了分析研究,探讨港口规划环评中开展公众参与的有效方法和途径。     

Transport and society1

In 1963, the Buchanan Report in the UK advocated a combination of new road capacity, improved public transport and traffic restraint as a means to tackle congestion. Forty years on, and the advice from many transport experts remains the same. However, the scale and complexity of the problems associated with a mobility‐dependent society have grown. The need for politicians to make tough but realistic policy decisions on transport is now becoming unavoidable. They must confront the realities of living with the car as must the general public. Policymakers now also have social well‐being and sustainable development moving higher on their agendas alongside transport. Against such a backdrop, the paper makes the case for transport research, policy and practice to acknowledge more fully the inherent links between transport and society. It argues that greater recognition and understanding of such links is crucial to confronting the present realities. Transport does not merely serve society: it shapes society, as in turn society shapes transport. The future of each is dependent on the other, and this fact must be recognized. The paper advocates in turn that the transport profession must move from its heartlands in engineering and economics also to embrace more fully such disciplines as sociology and psychology. A factual picture of the many facets of present‐day society is presented and the implications for travel demand are discussed. Through considering phenomena such as social norms and habitual behaviour, it is then argued that the travel choices and behaviour of individuals are not simply a matter of economic optimization. This points to the need for decision‐makers to be furnished with better evidence about the transport problems faced and the potential efficacy of measures that might be taken. Discussion of public attitudes and the role of the media are included in the context of assessing how politicians can be encouraged and supported in their implementation of realistic but unpopular policies. Evidence and experience within the paper are UK based, although many of the issues and arguments apply world wide.     

公路规划环评中公众参与框架的设计与实施评价

论文分析了环境影响评价中公众参与的现状和国内外发展的状况以及目前存在的问题，对公众参与在环境影响评价中应用的意义和作用进行了探讨，根据公路规划的特点和环境影响提出了提高公众参与有效性的原则和实施框架，建立了对公众参与过程进行评价的模糊综合评价方法和变权评价方法。研究结果对规范公路规划环评中的公众参与以及保证公众参与的有效实施具有现实意义。     

浅议海事行政处罚中的地域管辖

对海事违法行为实施行政处罚,“由违法行为发现地所在管辖区的海事机构管辖”可使调查、取证、处理的效率与结果得以充分保证,这一地域管辖原则更符合海事行政处罚的实际情况和特点。     

论协商性政府规制——解读视角和研究疆域的初步厘定

协商性政府规制,作为行政法学的新兴课题,急需解读视角和研究疆域的厘定：从程序面向看,协商作为行政目标实现的过程或环节,需要强调公众参与、利益代表、信息公开、理由说明等与商谈理论密切相关的要素;从实体面向看,协商作为结果达成的契约文本,需要关注由此衍生的公私协作、民营化与公共事务外包、主体分责制等公共治理转型问题;从形式论面向看,协商规制在行为形式论意义上的类型归属、法律效力、适用规制和救济方式,成为另一股研究协商性政府规制的学术动因。     

MARPOL73/78公约附则Ⅱ2004年修正案对海事监管的影响分析

MARPOL73/78公约附则II2004年修正案实施对化学品船防污操作产生很大影响,文章介绍该修正案的新变化及对海事监管的影响。     

道路交通安全协管员队伍的管理

分析了北京市道路交通安全协管员队伍发展过程和所处历史时期,并结合北京市交通管理工作实际,提出了“确保协管员队伍充分发挥职能作用,协管工作健康发展”的队伍管理目标,同时对协管员队伍的法律定位、担负职责、岗位划分、人员构成以及管理体制进行了详细论述,并对各项管理措施的实施效果进行了评述。在对协管员队伍现状进行分析的基础上,根据协管员队伍职能特点,借鉴国内外“辅警”工作体制,探讨了北京市道路交通安全协管员队伍的发展趋势,提出了下一步工作的具体设想。     

海事民意实时回访的法价值探析

海事民意实时回访改变了以往海事行政主体与相对人之间单一的"命令—服从"关系,取而代之的是双方的沟通、交流、互动与合作,这使海事主管机构能够及时、准确地了解广大相对人的利益诉求,有针对性地调整工作方向,找准工作切入点,从而提高行政效能。     

海事行政强制措施研究

文中以《海事行政强制实施程序暂行规定》集中列举的17种传统行政强制措施为例,对传统海事行政强制措施的分类和存在问题加以分析,并以一般性与特殊性相结合的原则对《行政强制法》视角下海事行政强制措施的范围提出了建议。