A railway capacity determination model and rail access charging methodologies

This article discusses approaches to the determination of railway capacity and the significance of the following factors on capacity: mix of trains, length and weight of trains, direction of train travel, acceleration and deceleration, stopping protocols of trains, location and length of crossing loops, location of signals, length of sections, dwell times and sectional running times. A more accurate method to calculate railway capacity is developed using previously unaddressed aspects for capacity determination. Capacity and pricing are two key issues for organizations involved with open track access regimes. A train access charging methodology is therefore developed and incorporated into a railway capacity determination model.     

Edinburgh's Congestion Charging Plans: An Analysis of Reasons for Non-Implementation

Abstract

The City of Edinburgh in Scotland in the UK had advanced plans for a congestion charging scheme until 25 February 2005. However, these plans were abandoned at that time after a referendum that resulted in a ‘no vote’. This paper explains the origins of the scheme, outlines its nature, extent, charging technology and predicted effect; it also analyses the difficulties that exist when attempting to plan and implement such a scheme in a particular governance context, and when there is little unanimity of public opinion about the need for a scheme.

As well as the primary documentation from the proposals (e.g. public inquiry submissions, papers to government), the paper also draws upon a series of face-to-face interviews that were undertaken with key stakeholders. It also provides an analysis of press coverage in the local (Edinburgh) and national (Scottish) newspapers in the run-up to the referendum. These sources explain both the systemic and more local barriers to the scheme's implementation.

The paper draws key lessons which are important for authorities considering the implementation of a road user charging scheme, by suggesting how legislative and governance barriers to implementation can be reduced. The lessons are of relevance world wide.     

电动汽车锂电池组充电均衡控制方法研究

锂电池组是电动汽车的主要驱动能源,然而尚不成熟的电池均衡充电技术成为制约电动汽车普及化的最大瓶颈。本文针对锂电池组中因单体电池性能差异造成能量不一致性的不良影响,以各单体电池电压为控制变量,提出一种基于模糊控制的锂电池组充电均衡控制方法。并通过MATLAB仿真分析得出:在充电均衡过程中,利用模糊控制方法调节PWM的占空比,电池组能够较好地完成各单体电池间的能量均衡,证明了该方案的可行性。     

汽车蓄电池亏电问题分析与处理

通过对汽车铅酸蓄电池亏电问题的分析,结合铅酸蓄电池充电工艺、充电设备、充电结果进行总结,以蓄电池、起动机、发电机为中心,以整车电器系统为分支,逐步查找出导致蓄电池亏电的根本原因。可用于指导用户正确使用车辆,防止或减少因蓄电池亏电导致车辆抛锚故障。     

两种充汽模式下船用蒸汽蓄热器动态性能数值模拟

为给船舶蒸汽动力系统设计提供技术支撑,采用考虑蒸发和冷凝的热相变模型描述蒸汽蓄热器汽、液两相的热质传递规律,并结合缓慢充汽和快速充汽计算边界条件,基于CFX实现不同充汽模式下船用蒸汽蓄热器动态性能数值模拟。计算结果表明：在缓慢充汽起始阶段,船用蒸汽蓄热器水位波动大,最终水位保持平稳且略有升高;缓慢充汽过程中,船用蒸汽蓄热器的压力和温度均呈先快速上升再下降的变化规律;在快速充汽过程中,蒸汽蓄热器的压力和温度均呈先快速上升再下降的变化规律,计算结果与试验数据基本吻合。     

电动汽车充电站的选址优化研究

电动汽车的充电系统是发展电动汽车的重要基础支撑系统,进行电动汽车充电站的选址优化研究对于电动汽车的推广具有重要意义。首先对影响电动汽车充电站的选址因素进行分析;在充分考虑电动汽车充电站建设原则的基础上,构建基于充电站运营费用和用户充电费用最小化的电动汽车充电站的选址模型;然后采用遗传算法对模型进行求解;最后通过算例对模型和算法进行验证。     

电动汽车无线充电原理分析

就一款主、副边互感线圈均为串联谐振感应耦合的电动汽车无线充电原理电路进行了深入分析,经对电动汽车的蓄电池电压与输入交流电源电压之比的优化,得出了它在稳态工作时电路的输出功率、传输效率与电路参数的关系,并得到了与互感线圈对应的补偿电容上的电压与输入交流电源电压、蓄电池电压及互感线圈互感量间的关系。通过仿真,对以上结果进行了验证,此结果可以为电动汽车在行进中充电打下基础。     

基于网联数据的电动车快速充电影响因素分析

基于北京市私家电动汽车网联数据，按照充电行为类型提取车辆行程，并对行程中影响快速充电行为的潜在因素进行细致分析；基于Logistic回归模型进行显著性影响因素识别，结果表明，电动汽车续航里程、出行距离、出行时间等因素显著影响电动汽车的快速充电行为；最后，基于显著影响因素建立模型，对私家电动汽车快速充电行为进行预测，预测结果表明，预测模型具有较好的预测效果和可靠度.本文研究成果将有助于优化私家电动汽车的充电行为，提高充电效率.     

我国收费公路定价问题分析与对策

介绍了国外道路收费的经验和做法,对当前国内道路通行费定价所存在的问题进行了分析,深入讨论了造成这些问题的根本原因。在结合我国现行收费公路定价的相关理论的基础上,提出了解决这些问题的可行对策。     

公路计重收费模式研究

阐述了公路计重收费政策的实施背景,比较分析了国内基于不同计费基础的不分档完全、分档完全、不完全计重收费模式及基于不同惩罚方式的计重收费模式,从基于构建“和谐交通”和实现治超最终目标的角度,提出了以不分档完全计费基础结合经济手段、行政手段作为计重收费模式改进方向。