超高性能混凝土在桥梁工程中的应用

超高性能混凝土(UHPC)是一种新型高性能水泥基复合材料,具有超高的耐久性和力学性能。UH-PC在桥梁工程中的应用,可优化桥梁结构尺寸、增大跨径,在增加承载力、耐久性和寿命周期的同时保持较小的变形。但由于原材料质量和配比的差异及大型搅拌设备不成熟等因素,连续制备性能较好的UHPC难度较大,同时相关桥梁设计规范较不完善和实践指导设计的经验较少,另外严格的养护制度制约了桥梁施工方法的灵活选择,导致目前UHPC不能在桥梁中广泛应用。为了促进UHPC大规模应用,简要介绍加拿大和美国2座UHPC桥梁应用情况。随着UHPC制备技术的进步、设计理论的完善,其必将在桥梁中得到广泛应用。     

Effects of new bus and rail rapid transit systems – an international review

Cities worldwide are implementing modern transit systems to improve mobility in the increasingly congested metropolitan areas. Despite much research on the effects of such systems, a comparison of effects across transit modes and countries has not been studied comprehensively. This paper fills this gap in the literature by reviewing and comparing the effects obtained by 86 transit systems around the world, including Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Light Rail Transit (LRT), metro and heavy rail transit systems. The analysis is twofold by analysing (i) the direct operational effects related to travel time, ridership and modal shifts, and (ii) the indirect strategic effects in terms of effects on property values and urban development. The review confirms the existing literature suggesting that BRT can attract many passengers if travel time reductions are significantly high. This leads to attractive areas surrounding the transit line with increasing property values. Such effects are traditionally associated with attractive rail-based public transport systems. However, a statistical comparison of 41 systems did not show significant deviations between effects on property values resulting from BRT, LRT and metro systems, respectively. Hence, this paper indicates that large strategic effects can be obtained by implementing BRT systems at a much lower cost.     

The impact of urban rail transit on commercial property value: New evidence from Wuhan,China

The interaction between rail transit and the urban property market is a vital foundation for planning transit-based policy such as Value Capture and Transit Oriented Development (TOD). Yet only few studies have reported the impact of transit access on commercial property value. This paper presents empirical evidence from Wuhan, China, to enrich the knowledge in the subject area. Spatial autoregressive models were employed to estimate the commercial value capture, based on 676 observations along Wuhan’s metro rail line through the main business districts. Value appreciation was discovered within the 400 m radius of road network distance from Metro stations. The transit access premiums present as two tiers: 16.7% for the 0–100 m core area and approximately 8.0% within the 100–400 m radius. The result demonstrates the potential benefit of adopting value capture and optimising TOD planning to support sustainable urban rail transit investment. Amid rapid urbanisation in China, the evidence reported here could help better inform cities, across the developing world and beyond, of the benefits of adopting rail transit-based policy.     

硅灰对港工高流动度混凝土流变性能的影响

在远离大陆的海洋环境中,采用现代技术配制的港工高流动度混凝土,可以解决传统混凝土施工中的振捣质量不佳等问题,提高混凝土的自动化浇筑程度,有利于环境保护和可持续发展。以港工高流动度混凝土为研究对象,测试了拌合物的坍落扩展度、J-坍落扩展度和T500等经验工作性能,使用流变仪测试了剪切应力和塑性黏度两项流变参数。结果表明,混凝土拌合物的坍落扩展度随时间的增加逐渐降低,T500、屈服应力和塑性黏度则随时间的增加不断增大。随着硅灰掺量的增加,拌合物的屈服应力不断增大,而塑性黏度首先降低随后逐渐增加。另外,坍落扩展度与屈服应力线性相关性良好,随着坍扩度的增加,屈服应力不断降低。     

拱桥吊杆更换工艺及其力学特性分析

对中、下承式拱桥吊杆主要病害进行统计和原因分析,提出吊杆更换的一般原则,并对新吊杆类型选择、临时替代设施进行对比和分析。以重庆市合川合阳嘉陵江大桥为工程背景,对其吊杆更换工艺和力学特性进行分析,获得了良好效果。     

我国家财险发展中存在的问题及对策分析

家庭财产是保障人们正常生活的必须品,也是人们通过劳动后聚集的个人财富和其价值的体现,其重要性不容忽视。但从目前家财险的投保率来看,我国家庭财产保险的发展还存在较大的问题,一些因火灾、自然灾害等造成巨额家庭财产损失的家庭寄希望于政府的财政拨款,其对家财险的认识依然较薄弱。本文将以家财险在我国的发展现状和常见的问题为出发点,简要分析如何推动国内家财险的发展。     

Cultural Models and Shoreline Social Conflict

Along the coast we witness property conflicts that would seem strange at inland locations. To understand why property conflicts seem particularly common and intense along shorelines, one must appreciate that property is enacted by real people in specific places. The successful enactment of property requires sufficiently shared expectations for behavior. Expectations are formed by consulting cultural models, which are inter-subjectively shared cognitive tools. This article describes seven cultural models of property that can play a role in the enactment of property along the shoreline. These are the sovereignty, community, landscape, ecology, commodity, moral order, and productivity models. A focus on cultural models shows how property conflicts can occur when models are not adequately grounded in real world circumstances, when a cultural model is not shared, or when multiple cultural models conflict. This article argues that all three of these types of failures are more likely to occur along shorelines than with inland property. Finally, even though cultural models of property are not hierarchical, this article argues that too much emphasis is currently being placed on the sovereignty and commodity models, and it suggests ways to reestablish a better balance between all of the cultural models of property.     

八达岭长城站小净距三洞隧道中岩柱受力特性与支护优化研究

小净距隧道的中岩柱厚度小且多次受到施工扰动,因此,如何保证其在施工过程中的稳定性是工程的重点与难点。 以八达 岭长城站为背景,采用Midas GTS软件对不同隧道净距下的中岩柱受力特性进行研究,并对加长锚杆长度、对拉锚杆预应力及其环、 纵向间距等中岩柱支护参数进行对比分析,结合现场监测结果验证优化后支护方案的可行性。 结果表明: 1)随着隧道净距的减 小,中岩柱最大竖向应力显著增加,其承载范围逐渐由中部核心区域向边墙底部附近转移; 2)初期支护效果随着对拉锚杆预应力 增加而增强,随着对拉锚杆环、纵向间距的增加而减弱; 3)当隧道净距为2.33 m时,中岩柱支护效果随着加长锚杆长度的增加而增 强;当隧道净距为3.88 m和5.44 m时,支护效果随着加长锚杆长度的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势。     

反复冲击压缩高岭土动力特性SHPB试验

为了探明软黏土在反复冲击压缩荷载作用下的动力响应，利用SHPB（Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars）试验技术，建立高岭土SHPB试验系统，进行反复冲击压缩试验。通过比选确定合理的试样厚度、整形器和冲击速度用以提高试验结果的精度；开展了7组不同厚度、含水率和冲击速度的高岭土试样测试，试样厚度分别为10，15 mm，含水率分别为24%、29%和36%，冲击速度分别为3，5 m·s^-1。试验结果表明：含水率29%的试样，冲击速度为5 m·s^-1更有利于试样应力均匀性的实现，反复冲击次数的增加亦提高了试样的均匀性，在反复冲击后，试样应变量下降约16%，而应力峰值提高了约30%；反复冲击过程中，高岭土试样的应变出现软化现象，随着冲击次数增加，试样的应变峰值经历“降低-上升-降低”的过程；平均应变率与含水率反相关，相同试样厚度下，冲击速度为5 m·s^-1，含水率为24%的试样反复冲击下的平均应变率最大为210 s^-1，冲击速度为3 m·s^-1，含水率为24%的试样的平均应变率依然最大为177 s^-1；高岭土试样的压缩波速主要受含水率的影响，含水率越高，波速越大，含水率为36%的试样波速最大值为313 m·s^-1，厚度为10 mm的试样能更有效获取冲击压缩波速。     

Investigation into untripped rollover of light vehicles in the modified fishhook and the sine manoeuvres,part II: effects of vehicle inertia property,suspension and tyre characteristics

In this paper, as a continuation of part I of [N. Zhang, G.M. Dong, and H.P. Du, Investigation into untripped rollover of light vehicles in the modified fishhook and the sine manoeuvres, part I: vehicle modelling, roll and yaw instability, Veh. Syst. Dyn. 46 (2008), pp. 271–293], detailed parametric studies are conducted and compared between the fishhook and sine manoeuvres using the presented nine-degree-of-freedom vehicle model, in order to understand the rollover resistance capability of a light passenger vehicle with various parameters. First, effects of driving conditions are studied in the two manoeuvres. Secondly, effects of suspension characteristics are studied, in which the influence of suspension spring stiffness and shock absorber damping, anti-roll bar is discussed. Thirdly, effects of vehicle inertia properties, such as moment of inertia of vehicle sprung mass, sprung mass weight and location of centre of gravity, are investigated. Finally, effects of tyre characteristics are also investigated by altering the scaling factor λ _Fz0. An in-depth understanding has been gained on the significant effects of key system parameters on the kinetic performance of vehicles under the fishhook and the sine manoeuvres. Parametric studies show that the combination of step input (fishhook) and frequency input gives a clear indication of the vehicle dynamic stability during cornering.