基于环境参数预测的VLF传播效应研究

基于传播媒质环境地-电离层参数的统计预测,对VLF电波的传播效应进行预测,为系统在运行中调整其可变参数或在特定参数条件下避开传播衰减与扰动,提供传播环境服务,使系统工作性能与信道特性达到良好匹配,从而提高水下通信效能。     

Numerical simulations of fatigue crack initiation and propagation based on re-tensile plastic zone generating load criterion for in-plane gusset welded joints

Many accidents are caused by fatigue in welded built-up steel structures, and so it is important to estimate the fatigue lives of such structures quantitatively for safety reasons. By assuming that fatigue cracks cannot grow without an accumulation of alternating tensile/compressional plastic strain, one of the authors identified an improved effective stress intensity factor range ΔK _RPG based on the re-tensile plastic zone generating (RPG) load, which represents the driving force for fatigue cracks, and suggested that ΔK _RPG should be used as the parameter to describe fatigue crack growth behavior. The “FLARP” numerical simulation code in which ΔK _RPG is implemented as the fatigue crack growth parameter, was developed in order to predict fatigue crack initiation and propagation behavior. In this paper, it is demonstrated that FLARP gives accurate estimates for fatigue life by comparing the estimated fatigue crack growth curves and S–N curves with the experimental results for in-plane gusset welded joints, which are used in many welded steel structures. Moreover, the effect of induced bending moment due to the linear misalignment in the out of plane direction on the fatigue strength of in-plane gusset welded joints is investigated through numerical simulations.     

Transit network design with allocation of green vehicles: A genetic algorithm approach

The use of fossil fuels in transportation generates harmful emissions that accounts for nearly half of the total pollutants in urban areas. Dealing with this issue, local authorities are dedicating specific efforts to seize the opportunity offered by new fuels and technological innovations in achieving a cleaner urban mobility. In fact, authorities are improving environmental performances of their public transport fleet by procuring cleaner vehicles, usually called low and zero emission vehicles (LEV and ZEV, respectively). Nevertheless there seems to be a lack of methodologies for supporting stakeholders in decisions related to the introduction of green vehicles, whose allocation should be performed since the network design process in order to optimize their available green capacity.In this paper, the problem of clean vehicle allocation in an existing public fleet is faced by introducing a method for solving the transit network design problem in a multimodal, demand elastic urban context dealing with the impacts deriving from transportation emissions.The solving procedure consists of a set of heuristics which includes a routine for route generation and a genetic algorithm for finding a sub-optimal set of routes with the associated frequencies.     

考虑沥青路面材料参数空间差异性的解析计算及影响分析

复杂服役环境下沥青路面的材料参数存在明显的空间差异性,具体表现为沿深度的模量梯度分布与非连续层间接触以及横观各向同性,实现其解析计算对现有的沥青路面力学响应分析及结构设计方法具有重要的参考价值。为此,从弹性力学基本方程出发,基于状态空间法,推导了具有指数模量梯度的横观各向同性弹性层状体系通解;在此基础上,基于波传递方法,将状态向量转换为波向量,并结合边界条件和层间条件,建立了考虑沥青路面材料参数差异性的多层路面结构解析解;然后借助MATLAB平台编制了数值计算程序,采用文献对比、BISAR程序以及有限元软件ABAQUS验证了该解析解的精度与效率;最后结合典型数值算例,阐述了该解析解在沥青Top-Down开裂和传统路面疲劳损伤分析中的应用。理论推导和数值计算结果表明：该解析解摆脱了弹性力学问题求解对应力函数的依赖性,并且借助波传播方法,避免了求解中正指数过大对求解精度的影响,并使得边界条件和不同层间接触关系的描述更加便捷;沥青路面材料参数的空间差异性不可忽视,沥青面层连续模量梯度会造成更大的路表拉应力和最大剪应力,进而加剧沥青路面的Top-Down开裂;而横观各向同性和层间接触状态间存在耦合效应,从而会加剧沥青路面的疲劳损伤。     

频繁爆破下隧道内振动传播的数值研究

为揭示频繁爆破下隧道内振动传播衰减规律,文章以蒙华铁路段家坪隧道为工程背景,利用LS-DY NA建立了三维隧道模型,模拟分析了多次爆破下隧道内近区和中远区的振动传播规律。结果表明,质点垂向峰值振速随距离和爆破次数的增大而减小,少数振速有增大的现象;近区振动衰减较快,中远区振动衰减比近区缓慢;中远区a值比近区至少小12.5%,但整体上二者的a值随爆破作用次数的增加呈缓慢上升趋势;系数K随爆破作用次数的增加而降低,近区K值降低速率普遍大于中远区,且近区K值比中远区至少大29.1%;频繁爆破下,中远区比近区较符合萨道夫斯基经验公式。     

隧道爆炸冲击波的危害及控制措施

目前山岭隧道施工基本以钻爆法为主,爆破过程中产生的冲击波会对隧道内的人员及机械设备安全产生较大影响,造成重大安全事故和财产损失。本文主要介绍了冲击波在隧道内传播会形成超压,且随着传播距离增加超压峰值逐渐衰减到大气压范围内;基于超压准则评估了冲击波对人体、隧道内设施及周边建筑物的危害程度;通过在隧道内安装简易的冲击波缓冲装置及加强监测、设置安全警戒线等控制措施,减弱了爆破冲击波的危害,从而达到安全快速施工的目的。     

不同数值积分方式对海洋结构物疲劳裂纹扩展模拟结果的影响

海洋结构物的疲劳寿命预报是当前的研究热点,文章根据第二作者率领的课题组提出的海洋结构物疲劳寿命预报统一方法比较了疲劳裂纹扩展模拟的三种数值积分方法：逐周数值积分法、△N积分法和△a积分法,并分析了每种方法的适用条件。随后,以中心表面裂纹承受单向交变拉伸载荷的平板为例,分别运用三种方法计算了裂纹扩展寿命和最终裂纹尺寸。同时,研究了△N和△a取值不同对结果的影响。最后,综合考虑计算耗时和计算结果精度,给出了△N积分法和△a积分法的建议值,即△N/N≤1.0%,△a≤0.1 mm。     

冲击载荷下弹性索波动行为试验装置设计

针对在冲击波作用下难以对弹性索波动行为进行试验研究且实际试验成本高等问题,提出一种冲击载荷下弹性索波动行为试验装置,装置由加速系统、钢索系统及测试系统组成。根据总体性能要求,探索波动行为特征,确定各部分组成的工作原理和详细构成（载荷和系统等多种参数可以调整）,设计相关性能试验验证方法。试验装置在设计的过程中涉及试验原理的选择、试验方法的实现,以及信号处理和图像处理等技术,可为研究钢索应力波行为提供试验基础平台,也可为钢索应力波相关工程应用领域提供技术参考。     

Stability and bifurcation in network traffic flow: A Poincaré map approach

Previous studies have shown that, in a diverge-merge network with two intermediate links (the DM network), the kinematic wave model always admits stationary solutions under constant boundary conditions, but periodic oscillations can develop from empty initial conditions. Such contradictory observations suggest that the stationary states be unstable. In this study we develop a systematic approach to investigate the stability property of stationary states in this and other networks within the framework of network kinematic wave theories. Based on the observation that kinematic waves propagate in a circular path when only one of the two intermediate links is congested, we derive a one-dimensional, discrete Poincaré map in the out-flux at a Poincaré section. We then prove that the fixed points of the Poincaré map correspond to stationary flow-rates on the two links. With Lyapunov’s first method, we demonstrate that the Poincaré map can be finite-time stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable. When unstable, the map is found to have periodical points of period two, but no chaotic solutions. We further analyze the bifurcation in the stability of the Poincaré map caused by varying route choice proportions. We apply the Poincaré map approach to analyzing traffic patterns in more general (DM)ⁿ and beltway networks, which are sufficient and necessary structures for network-induced unstable traffic and gridlock, respectively. This study demonstrates that the Poincaré map approach can be efficiently applied to analyze traffic dynamics in any road networks with circular information propagation and provides new insights into unstable traffic dynamics caused by interactions among network bottlenecks.     

CRC＋AC复合式路面结构层厚度对温度效应及车辙变形的影响

针对连续配筋混凝土与沥青混凝土（CRC＋AC）复合式路面结构的特点和现有研究的不足,运用断裂力学理论和有限元法,计算了CRC层的最大温度梯度、车辙深度、温度裂缝的扩展强度,分析了结构层厚度与CRC层的最大温度梯度、车辙深度、温度裂缝扩展强度的关系。结果表明：AC层厚度一般在不小于4cm时才能起到降低CRC层顶面最大温度的作用;CRC层的最大温度梯度随AC层和CRC层厚度的增加而递减;车辙深度随着AC层厚度的增加而递增;AC层厚度的增加能有效减小温度裂缝的扩展,其他结构层厚度对温度裂缝的扩展强度影响不大。研究结果可为合理设计CRC＋AC复合式路面的结构层厚度提供参考。