The potential mitigation of CO2 emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel from a life cycle perspective – An Australian case study

The objective of this study is to provide a strategic evaluation of the mitigation of CO₂ emissions via modal substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the Sydney–Melbourne, Australia city-pair from a life cycle perspective. It has been demonstrated that when considering CO₂ emissions from vehicle operations, the modal shift from air to high-speed rail on this city-pair has the potential to provide a means of CO₂ mitigation. However, uncertainty exists with regard to the level of mitigation potential when considering the whole-of-life performance of the systems. Given the significant difference in the infrastructure requirements between the air mode and the high-speed rail mode, this study quantifies the life cycle CO₂ load attributable to each system and examines the effect on CO₂ mitigation potential. The study concluded that while the inclusion of the linehaul infrastructure did increase the CO₂ load associated with high-speed rail mode, it did not equate to or exceed the CO₂ load per trip as experienced by the air mode. The avoided annual life cycle CO₂ emission in the target year 2056 was 0.37 Mt representing an 18% reduction when compared to the air mode only on the city pair. In fact, the scenario comparison indicated that the substitution of high-speed rail for short-haul air travel on the city pair resulted in CO₂ emissions avoidance throughout the longitudinal period.     

A novel approach for the modelling of air quality dynamics in underground railway stations

Indoor air quality in subterranean train stations is a concern in many places around the globe. However, due to the specificity of each case, numerous parameters of the problem remain unknown, such as the braking discs particle emission rate, the ventilation rate of the station or the complete particle size distribution of the emitted particles. In this study the problem of modelling PM₁₀ concentration evolution in relation with train traffic is hence addressed with a particle-mass conservation model which parameters are fitted using a genetic algorithm. The parameters of the model allow to reproduce the dynamics and amplitude of four field data sets from the French and Swedish underground contexts and comply with realistic bounds in terms of emissions, deposition and ventilation rate.     

船用厨房和具有烹调设备的配餐室的通风计算及空气处理方法

本文介绍了ISO 9943-2009国际标准和GBT 20846-2007中国国家标准中对船用厨房和具有烹调设备的配餐室的通风计算及空气处理中提出的送风量的计算方法，提出另一种更易于大家理解和接受的简易计算方法和空气处理过程，供工程技术及设计研究人员参考。     

柴油机活塞销孔型线对比分析研究

针对某柴油机活塞销孔的磨损问题,分别借助有限元方法和EHD仿真方法研究了不同销座结构匹配多种销孔型线对接触应力的影响,及不同活塞销孔型线对润滑特征评价参数的影响。综合研究表明,活塞销孔型线与热变形匹配不合理所引起的润滑状态恶化是导致活塞销孔磨损的直接原因,因此通过合理调整销孔型线可使接触应力均匀,润滑状态良好,并有效降低活塞销座磨损风险。     

科考船多波束导流罩线型CFD分析方法与试验验证

针对于科考船多波束导流罩设计和船体线型设计缺少关联分析的主要问题,介绍了一种科考船导流罩线型与船体线型一体化CFD分析方法,综合考虑实船航行过程中船体型线和导流罩型线之间的相互影响。根据这种分析方法,分别对导流罩和船体组合线型的阻力性能和防气泡性能进行了CFD预报,并进行了船模试验。两者吻合良好,验证了此种CFD分析方法的工程实用性。     

侧推减阻降噪装置设计与应用探索

侧推减阻降噪装置是一种填补国内空白的特种船舶装置,此装置可针对性解决因侧推通道激发的局部紊流及气泡层影响船舶声学设备正常使用的难题,该文介绍了该装置产生的背景、预期功能、设计校核方案及船上安装使用方法,经实船验证,该装置满足母船声学设备使用要求。     

水下爆炸气泡载荷作用下船体梁的动态水弹性响应

文章基于势流理论,针对水下爆炸气泡脉动载荷作用下船体梁的动态水弹性鞭状响应及其共振效应进行了研究。阐述了水下爆炸气泡与船体梁之间的流固耦合理论分析,并分别建立了一个考虑气泡迁移,自由面效应和气泡阻力的气泡模型和一个船体梁的弹性响应的计算模型。文中以两条实船作为算例,研究了刚体运动对船体梁弹性振动响应的影响,分析了船体梁在气泡脉动载荷作用下产生的共振破坏的机理。     

防空装备战场抢修保障模型研究*

防空武器装备作战任务重、遭受打击强,给装备保障工作提出了较高的要求。在分析了其战场环境下受损规律的基础上,对防空武器装备战场抢修任务组织实施流程进行了研究,并运用Ex tendSim平台进行了仿真,对进一步开展防空武器装备战场抢修组织决策的研究具有一定的帮助。     

船用高温风机电机通风冷却风道数值研究

本文以某型船用高温风机电机为研究对象,并采用计算流体力学和数值传热学手段研究其通风冷却系统,对该船用高温风机电机通风冷却风道的流场与电机外壳表面的温度场开流固耦合数值模拟,得到了通风冷却风道的流场分布和电机外壳表面的温度场分布,并对电机外壳表面的温度分布情况进行分析。数值模拟结果可以为电机通风冷却系统的合理设计和安全可靠运行提供参考。