隐身飞机目标探测方法研究

隐身飞机的出现使得现代战争的概念发生了深刻的变化,隐身飞机在多次局部战争中的成功使用使得反隐身技术成为当前的热门研究课题。隐身飞机的低可探测性使得普通雷达的探测效果大大削弱,但是这种先进技术也有一些难以克服的弱点,如何利用它的弱点发展相应的反隐身技术是我国现代化建设的艰巨任务。文章介绍了隐身飞机的特性和现状,并结合目前装备情况分析探讨了一些可采用的技术手段。     

美国航母飞行甲板演变及设计思想研究

飞行甲板是航母舰载机起降、调运、保障、布列最重要的作业场所,其设计工作在航母总体设计中占有重要地位,很大程度上决定了舰载机出动回收保障能力和航母综合作战效能.本文针对美国海军二战后至今研制的5型航母,分析其飞行甲板布局演变过程,梳理总结美国航母飞行甲板设计思想和启示.     

攻角对半穿甲战斗部侵彻航母双层靶板的效应研究

采用数值仿真方法,建立半穿甲战斗部对航母双层板侵彻效应的数值仿真计算模型,并计算战斗部以6种不同攻角侵彻目标的动态响应过程.结果表明,攻角对战斗部侵彻航母双层靶的能力有显著影响.随着初始攻角增加,战斗部的靶后余速下降,当初始攻角为20°和25°时,战斗部未能穿透航母的吊舱甲板.战斗部撞击吊舱甲板的攻角相对于初始攻角均有所增加,严重影响了战斗部对吊舱甲板的侵彻能力.战斗部对目标的侵彻破坏模式均属于延性扩孔和冲塞破坏模式.战斗部侵彻航母双层靶的过载较大且高过载持续时间长.当攻角大于10°时,战斗部在侵彻第1层靶板时,横向过载比较明显,导致战斗部结构出现不同程度的弯曲变形,这些因素给战斗部的结构完整性、装药稳定性和引信可靠性带来严峻挑战.该研究可用于指导半穿甲战斗部设计及其毁伤效应研究.     

航母编队作战效能模糊灰色综合评价方法研究

为研究有效打击敌航母编队对策提供决策支持,本文针对单纯采用模糊评价或灰色评价方法都不能客观、准确地评价航母编队作战效能大小这一问题,利用灰色聚类理论得到指标灰色统计量,构造作战效能模糊隶属度矩阵,建立了一种灰色评价与模糊评价相结合的作战效能综合评价方法.该方法能充分利用专家评判信息的模糊性与灰性,使航母编队作战效能综合评价的结果更为客观、准确.     

Comparison of emerging ground propulsion systems for electrified aircraft taxi operations

Aviation is a mode with high fuel consumption per passenger mile and has significant environmental impacts. It is important to seek ways to reduce fuel consumption by the aviation sector, but it is difficult to improve fuel efficiency during the en-route cruise phase of flight because of technology barriers, safety requirements, and the mode of operations of air transportation. Recent efforts have emphasized the development of innovative Aircraft Ground Propulsion Systems (AGPS) for electrified aircraft taxi operations. These new technologies are expected to significantly reduce aircraft ground-movement-related fuel burn and emissions. This study compares various emerging AGPS systems and presents a comprehensive review on the merits and demerits of each system, followed with the local environmental impacts assessment of these systems. Using operational data for the 10 busiest U.S. airports, a comparison of environmental impacts is performed for four kinds of AGPS: conventional, single engine-on, external, and on-board systems. The results show that there are tradeoffs in fuel and emissions among these emerging technologies. On-board system shows the best performance in the emission reduction, while external system shows the least fuel burn. Compared to single-engine scenario, external AGPS shows the reduction of HC and CO emissions but the increase of NO_x emission. When a general indicator is considered, on-board AGPS shows the best potential of reducing local environmental impacts. The benefit-cost analysis shows that both external and on-board systems are worth being implemented and the on-board system appeals to be more beneficial.     

基于多目标优化的航空器离场时隙控制方法

为了兼顾效率性和公平性,合理利用时隙资源,进行航空器离场时隙分配,根据机场管制运行部门和航空公司的决策目标,以航班正点率、旅客延误时间、延误成本、基尼系数等目标的不同组合为优化目标,建立了3组多目标优化模型.针对机场管制中航空器放行的应用背景,采用改进的人工鱼群算法求解模型.算例仿真结果表明:以航班延误成本和航班正点率为优化目标时,得到2个Pareto解集,与RBS(ration-by-schedule)分配算法相比,航班延误成本减少了52.9%和48.6%,航班正点率提高了62.5%和75.0%;以航班延误成本和旅客延误时间为优化目标时,得到1个可行解,与RBS分配算法相比,航班延误成本和旅客延误时间分别减少了52.9%和37.5%;以公平性和效率性为目标时,随着公平性的增强,效率性减弱.本文的多目标离场时隙控制方法,弥补了现有方法只考虑效率性的缺陷,为管制员提供了更多可供选择的决策方案.     

‘Each flight is different’: Carbon emissions of selected flights in three geographical markets

Air travel is considered the biggest individual climate sin. Avoiding flying, however, seems impossible. In this paper we argue that the flight a passenger chooses can be significant. For this purpose we compared the carbon emissions of selected flights in three geographical markets. We found tremendous differences in the environmental performance of individual flights. Furthermore, we also found that flying with the most modern aircraft or flying non-stop represents, in many cases, the least polluting option. Nevertheless, we were able to show that there are exceptions to this rule. Based on our results, we provide recommendations to the industry and for further research.     

着水姿态对大型水陆两栖飞机着水性能的影响

针对着水姿态对水陆两栖飞机船体着水性能的影响,通过单船身(机身)模型着水试验与仿真,分析着水载荷和运动响应,单船身模型可排除气动力及复杂的水面效应等因素引起的试验与仿真的差异。结果表明仿真与试验结果一致性较好,压力分布满足设计要求;初始姿态角对压力分布及加速度的时历变化影响不大,但艉部着水前期姿态角会出现减小的现象;加速度和姿态角峰值随着初始姿态角的增大会出现明显的波谷型变化。综合看来,该型水陆两栖飞机着水性能在6°-8°姿态角范围内较优,7°最佳。     

舰载机牵引影响因素分析

航母上的舰载机牵引力学模型较复杂，航母的总体性能、海况、舰载机尺寸、牵引路线、牵引方式等因素对舰载机牵引时的受力都有一定的影响。介绍了影响舰载机牵引的各项因素，通过数学模型的仿真计算，对舰载机牵引与各项影响因素的关系进行了初步分析，为舰载机牵引限制条件的设定、牵引方式的研究、牵引设施的研制提供了一定的参考。     

舰载机作战任务要求到保障要求转换研究

定义任务周期内舰载机装备保障的相关参数,分析舰载机作战单元任务要求到保障要求相关参数之间的约束关系,建立作战任务到保障要求的转换模型。通过最小叉熵原理构造了指数型的舰载机机群恢复度函数M(t),计算舰载机平均保障准备时间,对于进一步的保障任务优化和调度具有重要意义。