民航客机改装伤员后送飞机机型选择问题研究

民航客机改装伤员后送飞机是一项复杂的系统工作。通过分析影响民航客机改装伤员后送飞机机型选择的因素,以民航的发展现状为基础,确定适改机型的筛选条件,并最终选择A319等9种机型为适改机型,可为今后的实际改装工作提供参考。     

多跑道降落飞机协同调度优化

为了制定安全、高效的空中交通管理战术决策,研究了多跑道降落航班协同调度问题.基于协同决策理念,综合考虑空管、航空公司和机场等因素,提出一种协同航班调度策略,给出了协同调度优化模型.模型在满足安全性和公平性约束条件下,寻求总延误成本最小即功效性最大的调度方案.采用基尼系数建立公平性约束,以处理功效性和公平性之间的关系,并引入当量航班概念来定量分析公平性.针对多跑道航班调度问题的特点,设计了遗传算法予以求解验证.仿真结果表明:该算法总延误成本比先到先服务算法降低了72.6%,最大延误时间减小了50.8%,因此,调度的功效性与公平性得到提高,所提方法有效.     

Discussion on the dispersion ＆ agglomeration of aircraft industry

The aircraft industry is crucial to the economy and security of a nation. In this paper, the spatial characteristics and patterns of the aircraft industry are analyzed on different spatial scales. It is found that there is a 'Matthew effect' in the global aircraft industry and the spatial evolution of the industry is consistent with the industrialization process of the whole country. It is also revealed that the spatial evolution of the country is driven by both the centripetal forces including capital, talents, technology and agglomeration economies and the centrifugal forces including the comparative advantage, cost &risk sharing, emerging markets, development policy for less-developed regions and the military imperative. These forces have both market-stabilizing and market-disrupting effects on the spatial evolution of the aircraft industry. The study suggests that lessons drawn from the experiences in the United States and France are expected to be conducive to the rise of China's aircraft industry in the future.     

停机区推出共用停止点设计优化

从停机区飞机推出共用停止点设计入手,采用减少航班推出时间的方法达到减少航班延误时间的目的。分析了飞机推出过程中存在的冲突问题,提出了在保证安全的前提下将停机位分组共享推出共用停止点,设计了使用推出共用停止点的规则。建立了推出共用停止点的数量与坐标的数学模型,设计了1种满足实际设计需要的层级递进搜索算法。通过算例验证了停机位分组推出共用停止点可以减少飞机推出时间。     

基于模糊约束的空中交通流量预测模型研究

鉴于传统流量预测模型存在预测精度差、耗时长、效率低的不足,将模糊约束引入空中交 通系统,用于表示人工智能领域中一些不确定的信息,构建了基于模糊约束的空中交通流量预测模型。通过分析影响模糊约束的决策向量、模糊参数向量及模糊约束集三个因素,提出预测模型 的构建流程,选取空中交通路线多转折点,并获取模糊矩阵,建立了空中交通流量预测模型。实验结果表明,对空中交通流量进行预测时,采用改进的预测模型相比传统预测模型的预测结果较 优、耗时较短、精度较高。     

基于可达性指标的航空货运网络布局优化研究

以网络可达性和利用率最大为目标,建立货机班次分配与货物运输路径选择的多目标双层优化模型,针对我国基于审批方式为各航线分配航班的实际情况,通过调整货机班次优化航空货运网络布局.以20个机场组成的航空货运网络为例,设计NSGAII算法求解模型.结果表明:北京、上海、广州、深圳之间的航段将获得1/4的货机班次,他们是航空货运的枢纽机场;当决策者偏好网络可达性时,更多货机班次将被分配到大型机场间的航段上,当决策者偏好网络利用率时,货机班次在航段上的分配较均匀;随着货机班次在航段上由集中趋向分散,网络可达性降低而利用率提高;减少货机班次会降低网络可达性,增加货机班次会降低网络的利用率.     

基于多目标优化的航空器离场时隙控制方法

为了兼顾效率性和公平性,合理利用时隙资源,进行航空器离场时隙分配,根据机场管制运行部门和航空公司的决策目标,以航班正点率、旅客延误时间、延误成本、基尼系数等目标的不同组合为优化目标,建立了3组多目标优化模型.针对机场管制中航空器放行的应用背景,采用改进的人工鱼群算法求解模型.算例仿真结果表明:以航班延误成本和航班正点率为优化目标时,得到2个Pareto解集,与RBS(ration-by-schedule)分配算法相比,航班延误成本减少了52.9%和48.6%,航班正点率提高了62.5%和75.0%;以航班延误成本和旅客延误时间为优化目标时,得到1个可行解,与RBS分配算法相比,航班延误成本和旅客延误时间分别减少了52.9%和37.5%;以公平性和效率性为目标时,随着公平性的增强,效率性减弱.本文的多目标离场时隙控制方法,弥补了现有方法只考虑效率性的缺陷,为管制员提供了更多可供选择的决策方案.     

基于乘客超越行为建模的航空登机效率分析

依靠缩短登机时间提升登机效率是降低航空周转成本的重要手段之一。乘客登机时间由登机策略及个体行为等因素共同决定。在采用特定登机策略登机过程中，发生阻塞导致队列行进缓慢时，队列内的乘客可能采取超越行为提升自身行进速度，从而影响登机效率。针对乘客这种超越行为建立微观仿真模型，采用元胞自动机模拟不同登机策略下的乘客登机过程，比较超越行为对不同登机策略效率的影响程度，量化考虑乘客超越行为时登机乘客携带行李比例、登机放行间隔，以及客座率等情景下登机策略的效率。结果表明：在考虑超越行为后，原本不考虑超越行为时登机时间越长策略的登机时间缩减比例越高，乘客行走干扰延误的降低是登机时间缩减的主要原因。在乘客携带行李数量较多或乘客放行间隔较短的情景下，从靠窗到过道依次登机策略的效率优于倒金字塔式策略；在客座率70%的情景下，分4种次序从后到前登机的策略是按列次序登机的最佳策略。     

Assessment of carbon emission costs for air cargo transportation

This study presents a set of models that calculate carbon emissions in individual phases of flight during air cargo transportation, investigates resultant carbon footprints by aircraft type and flight route, and estimates increases in transportation costs for airlines due to carbon taxes imposed by the EU ETS. The estimated results provide useful references for airlines in aircraft assignment on different routes and in aircraft selection for new purchases. Validation of the model is conducted by simulating the potential impact of the implementation of the EU ETS on costs of air cargo transportation for six routes and six types of aircraft. Results show that the impact may be subject to various factors including unit carbon emissions per aircraft, aviation emission allowances per airline, and carbon trading prices; and that increases in costs of air cargo transportation range from 0% to 5.27% per aircraft per route. Therefore, the implementation of the EU ETS may encourage airlines to cut down their operating costs by reducing their carbon emissions, thereby ameliorating greenhouse gas pollution caused by air cargo transportation.     

Solving airlines disruption by considering aircraft and crew recovery simultaneously

When disruptions occur, the airlines have to recover from the disrupted schedule. The recovery usually consists of aircraft recovery, crew recovery and passengers’ recovery. This paper focuses on the integrated recovery, which means above-mentioned two or more recoveries are considered as a whole. Taking the minimization of the total cost of assignment, cancellation and delay as an objective, we present a more practical model, in which the maintenance and the union regulations are considered. Then we present a so-called iterative tree growing with node combination method. By aggregating nodes, the possibility of routings is greatly simplified, and the computation time is greatly decreased. By adjusting the consolidating range, the computation time can be controlled in a reasonable time. Finally, we use data from a main Chinese airline to test the algorithm. The experimental results show that this method could be used in the integrated recovery problem.