Approximate network loading and dual-time-scale dynamic user equilibrium

In this paper we present a dual-time-scale formulation of dynamic user equilibrium (DUE) with demand evolution. Our formulation belongs to the problem class that Pang and Stewart (2008) refer to as differential variational inequalities. It combines the within-day time scale for which route and departure time choices fluctuate in continuous time with the day-to-day time scale for which demand evolves in discrete time steps. Our formulation is consistent with the often told story that drivers adjust their travel demands at the end of every day based on their congestion experience during one or more previous days. We show that analysis of the within-day assignment model is tremendously simplified by expressing dynamic user equilibrium as a differential variational inequality. We also show there is a class of day-to-day demand growth models that allow the dual-time-scale formulation to be decomposed by time-stepping to yield a sequence of continuous time, single-day, dynamic user equilibrium problems. To solve the single-day DUE problems arising during time-stepping, it is necessary to repeatedly solve a dynamic network loading problem. We observe that the network loading phase of DUE computation generally constitutes a differential algebraic equation (DAE) system, and we show that the DAE system for network loading based on the link delay model (LDM) of Friesz et al. (1993) may be approximated by a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). That system of ODEs, as we demonstrate, may be efficiently solved using traditional numerical methods for such problems. To compute an actual dynamic user equilibrium, we introduce a continuous time fixed-point algorithm and prove its convergence for effective path delay operators that allow a limited type of nonmonotone path delay. We show that our DUE algorithm is compatible with network loading based on the LDM and the cell transmission model (CTM) due to Daganzo (1995). We provide a numerical example based on the much studied Sioux Falls network.     

Boussinesq方程的研究进展

从Boussinesq方程的导出出发,总结了方程的特点,对方程的频散性和非线性、考虑复杂地形、波浪破碎、与水流的相互作用等方面的改进工作进行总结和评述,并对方程的求解方法和应用情况进行系统的归纳总结,以期对本领域的发展有一定的参考价值.     

铁路缓和曲线代数式方程的通用设计方法

根据铁路缓和曲线的特点,介绍了利用缓和曲线边界条件确定其代数方程式的一种通用方法：首先给出缓和曲线要满足的边界条件,根据边界条件列出曲率待定方程;然后利用曲率边界条件确定出缓和曲线曲率方程;最后通过对曲率方程进行二次积分就可得到缓和曲线的方程。采用这种方法分别对各种类型的缓和曲线举出实例,详细说明了该方法的应用,证明了该方法正确、简单,是一种适用于推导缓和曲线方程的通用方法,可为铁路缓和曲线线型设计提供参考。     

基于高次最小二乘原理的连续刚构桥挠曲线拟合分析

为充分利用连续刚构桥桥梁健康监测系统中有限数量位移传感器,提出一种基于高次最小二乘原理的数值拟合方法,用有限测点信息有效拟合全桥的挠曲线方程。以某连续刚构桥为实际算例,全桥挠曲线拟合分析结果表明:该方法拟合连续刚构桥挠曲线方法简单、思路清晰,有利于工程实践;在边跨和中跨的拟合值与实测值的最大相对误差均小于5%,用高次最小二乘原理拟合连续刚构桥挠曲线具有足够精度。     

内流对洪水冲击下管跨临界长度影响研究

为了研究洪水冲击管道时形成的管跨临界长度,分别介绍了洪水作用下管道的动力特性以及内流对管道特性的影响。针对管内流动与管外洪水冲击对于管道的作用,建立了内流、外流共同作用下的管道动力控制方程。结果表明:对于洪水冲击管道的问题,不应仅考虑洪水的作用,也应该考虑内流对于管道的作用;内流流速增大、压强增大、密度减小都将缩短临界长度。考虑内流的管跨临界长度,对设计及现场抢维修都具有借鉴作用。     

Optimal preview game theory approach to vehicle stability controller design

Dynamic game theory brings together different features that are keys to many situations in control design: optimisation behaviour, the presence of multiple agents/players, enduring consequences of decisions and robustness with respect to variability in the environment, etc. In the presented methodology, vehicle stability is represented by a cooperative dynamic/difference game such that its two agents (players), namely the driver and the direct yaw controller (DYC), are working together to provide more stability to the vehicle system. While the driver provides the steering wheel control, the DYC control algorithm is obtained by the Nash game theory to ensure optimal performance as well as robustness to disturbances. The common two-degrees-of-freedom vehicle-handling performance model is put into discrete form to develop the game equations of motion. To evaluate the developed control algorithm, CarSim with its built-in nonlinear vehicle model along with the Pacejka tire model is used. The control algorithm is evaluated for a lane change manoeuvre, and the optimal set of steering angle and corrective yaw moment is calculated and fed to the test vehicle. Simulation results show that the optimal preview control algorithm can significantly reduce lateral velocity, yaw rate, and roll angle, which all contribute to enhancing vehicle stability.     

基于断裂力学方法的冷再生基层材料疲劳寿命研究

利用断裂力学方法对冷再生基层材料的疲劳裂纹扩展进行分析,选择合适的断裂力学公式及参数,进而推导出疲劳寿命预估方程,分析方程中参数的取值并给出算例.通过算例得到的结果对影响疲劳寿命的因素进行分析,并与通过试验得到的数据进行对比.结果表明,用断裂力学方法预测含裂缝冷再生基层材料的疲劳寿命更合理.     

动态OD反推理论中的关键问题研究

针对ITS研究中动态OD矩阵难以获得的问题,回顾动态OD反推理论的发展历程,在此基础上明确了该领域研究中的四个关键问题:状态变量的选择、系统方程的确定、OD量与路段流量的关系和OD矩阵动态特性的体现,在对其进行分析的基础上提出每个关键问题的解决方法,为动态OD反推理论的进一步研究垫定基础。     

一种新的沥青混合料疲劳性能评价方法

根据Lemaitre应变等效假设,定义沥青混合料疲劳损伤参量,并在分析沥青混合料疲劳损伤过程的基础上,定义新的疲劳破坏标准。然后通过三分点小梁弯曲疲劳试验建立基于损伤理论的沥青混合料疲劳性能评价方法。重合性检验表明,该损伤疲劳模型与荷载控制模式无关,从而可以更合理的评价混合料疲劳性能。     

盾构隧道深层土体沉降槽宽度系数计算方法研究

收集了12组盾构法隧道施工引起的深层土体沉降实测数据,研究深层土体沉降槽宽度系数i(z)随着地层深度z增加产生的变化规律。研究结果表明:i(z)随着z的增加而逐渐减小;i(z)/i(z=0)与(1-z/h)(h为隧道轴线埋深)之比在黏性土中基本呈幂函数关系,砂土中基本呈线性关系。对姜忻良计算公式进行了修正,使其具有更广泛的适用性。通过回归分析,提出一个新的i(z)经验计算公式。通过反分析以及与解析解进行比较,给出这两个公式计算参数的取值范围。算例分析表明,这两个公式均能较好的拟合实测值,可考虑不同土质条件,包括黏性土和砂类土,适用范围较广。