抗裂水泥稳定碎石基层在市政快速路中的应用研究

为解决水稳基层反射裂缝较多的问题,结合市政高速抗裂型水泥稳定碎石施工,通过强度检验、加强关键施工环节的控制等措施,优化了骨架密实水泥稳定碎石的级配设计,有效地降低裂缝的数量。     

The speed control effect of highway tunnel sidewall markings based on color and temporal frequency

The low‐luminance monotonous environment in the middle section of highway tunnels offers few reference points and is prone to cause severe visual illusion. Thus, drivers tend to underestimate their driving speed, which can induce speeding behaviors that result in rear‐end collisions. Therefore, discovering low‐cost methods of traffic engineering that reduce this visual illusion and ensure a steady driving speed is an important challenge for current highway tunnel operations. This study analyzes the effects of sidewall markings in typical highway tunnels, specifically observing how their colors and temporal frequencies affect the driver's speed perception in a low‐luminance condition. A three‐dimensional model of the middle section of highway tunnels was built in a driving simulator. Psychophysical tests of speed perception were carried out by the method of limits. The precision of the simulation model was then checked by comparing the results to field test data. The simulation tests studied the stimulus of subjectively equal speed and reaction time in relation to sidewall markings in different colors (red–white combined, yellow–white combined, and blue–white combined). Furthermore, based on the optimal color, the effects of sidewall marking with different temporal frequencies (0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 32 Hz) on the speed perception of drivers were also analyzed. The test results reveal that the color and temporal frequency of sidewall marking have a significant impact on the driver's stimulus of subjectively equal speed and reaction time. The subjects have the highest speed overestimation and an easy speed judgment with the red–white combined sidewall marking. Within the temporal frequency range of 4.45–7.01 Hz, the subjects have a certain degree of speed overestimation (less than 20%), and the speed perception is sensitive to the temporal frequency changes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

柴油机尿素 SCR 反应特性的试验研究

利用可独立控制尿素喷射量的SCR系统,通过柴油机台架试验,研究了钒基催化剂温度和空速对SCR催化还原反应NOx 转化效率和反应速率的影响,以及尿素喷嘴安装位置对转化效率的影响。结果表明：NOx 转化率随着氨氮比（NH3与NOx 物质的量之比）的升高而逐渐升高,由于尿素水解和热解不完全等因素,氨氮比上升到2时NOx 转化率才可达到最大;NOx 转化率随着催化剂温度升高而升高,到400℃时基本趋于稳定,NOx 转化率随空速升高略有下降;SCR反应速率随温度的升高而升高,随空速的变化不明显;相同氨氮比时,尿素喷嘴与催化剂的距离增加,有利于NOx 转化率的升高。     

O2和 NO2气氛下柴油机炭烟氧化过程及其化学反应动力学参数研究

用热重分析仪对 O2和 NO2气氛下柴油机炭烟的氧化过程进行了试验研究,并利用程序升温氧化（TPO）试验对其化学反应动力学参数进行了研究,建立了 O2和 NO2气氛下柴油机炭烟氧化过程的化学反应动力学模型,并用模型对 O2和 NO2对炭烟的氧化效果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明：柴油机炭烟在 O2气氛下大约从700 K 时开始氧化,氧化反应的活化能为76．8 kJ／mol ,对 O2的反应级数为0．85;而在 NO2气氛下大约从600 K时开始氧化,氧化反应的活化能为21．9 kJ／mol ,对 NO2的反应级数为0．85。在柴油机排气组分条件下,当温度低于750 K 时,NO2氧化炭烟引起的炭烟质量减少占主导;而当温度高于800 K 时,O2氧化炭烟引起的炭烟质量减少占主导。     

热分析动力学研究环氧沥青混凝土的固化条件

采用热分析动力学的方法确定了环氧体系的固化反应为自催化反应类型,利用非线性回归建立了环氧体系的固化反应模型,计算得到环氧体系的反应为1级与n级平行的自催化反应。根据其固化反应模型推算出了不同温度程序下环氧体系的反应时间和反应程度,从而为环氧沥青混凝土的施工以及最终开放交通的时间提供了重要的依据。研究结果表明,温度的升高可以大大缩短环氧体系的固化时间,建议在气温较高的季节进行施工;环氧体系完全固化所需的时间约为固化反应程度达到80%所需时间的3倍。结合马歇尔试验结果可知,当固化反应程度达到80%时,环氧沥青混凝土已具有较高强度,可以开放交通;当外界温度为30℃左右时,约需60 d可以达到80%的固化反应程度,进而可以开放交通。     

再生骨料混凝土性能研究

通过对再生骨料的特性、再生骨料混凝土的工作性、物理力学性能和耐久性能进行试验研究发现：不考虑再生骨料吸水特性时,再生混凝土的坍落度偏小,抗压强度和耐久性均低于普通混凝土;考虑再生骨料吸水特性时,再生混凝土可获得与普通混凝土相近的坍落度．强度和耐久性则较普通混凝土降低得更多;经过强化处理后,再生骨料混凝土的性能得到了改善。同时还发现：粉磨处理对再生骨料的强化作用优于化学溶液浸泡处理。     

集料比表面积计算方法探讨

集料比表面积的计算在工程中非常重要,但是规范中只是针对4．75mm以下的颗粒进行了明确的规定。鉴于此．对沥青混合料的理论进行延伸以求较大尺寸颗粒的比表面积,对于实际工程具有十分重要的参考价值。     

对黑龙江省水泥混凝土路面耐久性的研究

延长水泥混凝土路面使用寿命,在国民经济中占有相当重要的地位,是交通部亟待解决的课题０依据黑龙江省地理、气候的特点,为提高水泥混凝土路面耐久性,对水泥混凝土抗冻性、粗集料、路面基层等问题进行了研究。     

涎腺肿瘤组织中人乳头瘤病毒DNA的检测

为探讨腺上皮起源的涎腺良、恶性肿瘤与人乳头瘤病毒（Ｈｕｍ ａｎ ｐａｐｉｌｌｏ ｍ ａｖｉｒｕｓ, ＨＰＶ）感染的关系,应用聚合酶链反应技术（ＰＣＲ）,采用共有引物检测４４例涎腺肿瘤组织中的ＨＰＶ ＤＮＡ的存在状况。１０ 例正常涎腺组织作为对照。结果显示：肿瘤组织中ＨＰＶ ＤＮＡ 阳性检出率达７０．４５％ （３１／４４）,其中恶性肿瘤 ＨＰＶＤＮＡ 阳性率为７７２７％ （３１／４４）;良性肿瘤ＨＰＶＤＮＡ阳性率为６３６３％ （１４／２２）;而正常对照组织中ＨＰＶ ＤＮＡ阳性率仅为１０％ （１／１０）。提示：涎腺肿瘤的发生可能与ＨＰＶ感染有关     

THE INVESTIGATION OF DIFFERENT POPULATION＇S TRANSFUSION-TRANSMITTED VIRUS-DNA IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

Objective To investigate transfusion transmitted virus (TTV) infection among population of different groups in Shaanxi Province. Methods A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with primers from ORF1 of TTV genome was established to detect TTV-DNA in serum of the patients. Results TTV-DAN was detected in the sera of 3 of 50 cases of general population(6％), 2 of 30 cases of vocational blood donors(6.7%),21 of 97 cases with Type B hepatitis (21. 6％), 9 of 35 cases of Type C hepatitis (25. 7％),and 23 of 40 cases with non-A～ non-G hepatitis (57.5 ％ ). Conclusion There is TTV infection among general population in Shaanxi Province. TTV may be an impor- tant agent to cause non-A～non-G hepatitis. And the patients with HBV or HCV can have overlapping TTV infection.