公交持卡乘客下车站点推导方法研究及验证

本文通过分析公交持卡乘客的出行数据,挖掘乘客的出行规律,改进基于出行链理论的下车站点推导方法,并建立、检索站点邻域集以提升下车站点的推导效率。借助攀枝花市特殊的自动收费系统,利用分段计费线路的下车数据验证了方法的有效性,结果表明下车站点的推导结果具有较高的精度。同时探究了最大步行距离阈值对推导结果的影响,给出不同场景下的应用建议。此外研究分析了不同线路、不同群体的推导效果,对其内在原因做出解释,提供了模型方法的改进方向。研究结果有助于分析乘客的公交出行行为,支撑辅助型公交的需求分析和布设,提升公交服务水平。     

Inferring patterns in the multi-week activity sequences of public transport users

The public transport networks of dense cities such as London serve passengers with widely different travel patterns. In line with the diverse lives of urban dwellers, activities and journeys are combined within days and across days in diverse sequences. From personalized customer information, to improved travel demand models, understanding this type of heterogeneity among transit users is relevant to a number of applications core to public transport agencies’ function. In this study, passenger heterogeneity is investigated based on a longitudinal representation of each user’s multi-week activity sequence derived from smart card data. We propose a methodology leveraging this representation to identify clusters of users with similar activity sequence structure. The methodology is applied to a large sample (n = 33,026) from London’s public transport network, in which each passenger is represented by a continuous 4-week activity sequence. The application reveals 11 clusters, each characterized by a distinct sequence structure. Socio-demographic information available for a small sample of users (n = 1973) is combined to smart card transactions to analyze associations between the identified patterns and demographic attributes including passenger age, occupation, household composition and income, and vehicle ownership. The analysis reveals that significant connections exist between the demographic attributes of users and activity patterns identified exclusively from fare transactions.     

曼彻斯特编码的解码及其应用

本文介绍了一种抗干扰能力较强而且也是比较常用的编码形式-曼彻斯特编码,针对这种编码形式的特点,给出了两种在单片机中的解码方法,并对这两种方法进行了简单的比较。最后在文章中给出了曼彻斯特编码在实际中的应用例子-ID卡的解码程序,主要针对的是现在国内比较常见的ID卡EM4100和基站芯片U2270B。     

浅谈高速公路入口检测系统的功能及构成

介绍了入口超限检测系统的功能及构成,并且对其中部分分项系统进行了功能说明,对超限站的设置方案进行了详细对比分析。     

An integrated Bayesian approach for passenger flow assignment in metro networks

This paper proposes an integrated Bayesian statistical inference framework to characterize passenger flow assignment model in a complex metro network. In doing so, we combine network cost attribute estimation and passenger route choice modeling using Bayesian inference. We build the posterior density by taking the likelihood of observing passenger travel times provided by smart card data and our prior knowledge about the studied metro network. Given the high-dimensional nature of parameters in this framework, we apply the variable-at-a-time Metropolis sampling algorithm to estimate the mean and Bayesian confidence interval for each parameter in turn. As a numerical example, this integrated approach is applied on the metro network in Singapore. Our result shows that link travel time exhibits a considerable coefficient of variation about 0.17, suggesting that travel time reliability is of high importance to metro operation. The estimation of route choice parameters conforms with previous survey-based studies, showing that the disutility of transfer time is about twice of that of in-vehicle travel time in Singapore metro system.     

Estimation of a route choice model for urban public transport using smart card data

This paper describes a logit model of route choice for urban public transport and explains how the archived data from a smart card-based fare payment system can be used for the choice set generation and model estimation. It demonstrates the feasibility and simplicity of applying a trip-chaining method to infer passenger journeys from smart card transactions data. Not only origins and destinations of passenger journeys can be inferred but also the interchanges between the segments of a linked journey can be recognised. The attributes of the corresponding routes, such as in-vehicle travel time, transfer walking time and to get from alighting stop to trip destination, the need to change, and the time headway of the first transportation line, can be determined by the combination of smart card data with other data sources, such as a street map and timetable. The smart card data represent a large volume of revealed preference data that allows travellers' behaviour to be modelled with higher accuracy than by using traditional survey data. A multinomial route choice model is proposed and estimated by the maximum likelihood method, using urban public transport in ?ilina, the Slovak Republic, as a case study     

高速公路快速发卡系统技术研究

在阐述快速发卡系统整体情况的基础上，分析了该系统的关键技术，并介绍了该系统在青银高速中的应用，希望为同行提供一定的参考与借鉴。     

平衡计分卡在高校图书馆绩效管理中的应用

针对高校图书馆绩效管理存在的问题,探讨了图书馆引入平衡计分卡的意义,设计了4个维度的高校图书馆绩效考评指标体系,提出了数据处理的方法.认为引入平衡计分卡可以有效提升馆员的自我认识与综合能力,提高图书馆的管理水平及竞争力.     

解放思想 开拓创新 注重实效——浅谈广东省IC卡道路运输电子证件试点工作对应用标准化的贡献

广东省被列为全国IC卡道路运输电子证件试点省后，从本省实际需要出发，结合全国推广要求，解放思想，开拓创新。注重实效，走出了一条成功应用IC卡道路运输电子证件的道路。广东省的试点工作为全国IC卡道路运输电子证件的标准化建设提供了难得的实践经验。     

非接触式IC卡在高速公路收费系统中的应用

针对目前实行的＂封闭型人工收费模式＂存在的低效和串谋或寻租行为等问题提出IC卡收费系统模型,同时从操作方式、运营中注意的问题及采取的措施等方面说明该模型的可实施性,有助于非接触式IC卡在收费系统中的推广应用。