基于IC 卡数据的公交通勤熵变模型的构建与应用

建立利用公交IC 卡数据计算公交过剩通勤熵变的框架,对优化城市居民通勤出行距离的难易程度进行定量分析. 结合公交出行的特点,构建基于Wilson 熵模型和双约束重力模型的公交通勤熵变模型;以广州市居民公共交通IC 卡数据为例,对通勤筛选、单元问题及过剩通勤熵变评价等进行探讨. 结果发现,采用约1 km × 1 km的单元格划分是城市公交通勤熵变模型中适合的单元划分方式,公交过剩通勤的熵变能够有效衡量平均通勤距离减少的难易程度和检验改变通勤行为相关政策的有效性.     

城市轨道交通AFC系统票卡结构及固定流程设计

基于现有技术,AFC(自动售检票)系统很难实现票种的快速设计和发行。针对现有车票卡片结构设计以及票种处理方式的不足,提出了全新的卡片类型结构设计思路和车票交易处理流程设计原则。将票卡类型参数划分为6个区组,并通过各区组的信息组合实现票种信息描述。避免了新增票种带来的各类开发问题和成本压力,可帮助运营公司节约大量的开发费用,以有效缩短新增票种上线时间。     

Bus arrival time calculation model based on smart card data

Bus arrival time is usually estimated using the boarding time of the first passenger at each station. However, boarding time data are not recorded in certain double-ticket smart card systems. As many passengers usually swipe the card much before their alighting, the first or the average alighting time cannot represent the actual bus arrival time, either. This lack of data creates difficulties in correcting bus arrival times. This paper focused on developing a model to calculate bus arrival time that combined the alighting swiping time from smart card data with the actual bus arrival time by the manual survey data. The model was built on the basis of the frequency distribution and the regression analysis. The swiping time distribution, the occupancy and the seating capacity were considered as the key factors in creating a method to calculate bus arrival times. With 1011 groups of smart card data and 360 corresponding records from a manual survey of bus arrival times, the research data were divided into two parts stochastically, a training set and a test set. The training set was used for the parameter determination, and the test set was used to verify the model’s precision. Furthermore, the regularity of the time differences between the bus arrival times and the card swiping times was analyzed using the “trend line” of the last swiping time distribution. Results from the test set achieved mean and standard error rate deviations of 0.6% and 3.8%, respectively. The proposed model established in this study can improve bus arrival time calculations and potentially support state prediction and service level evaluations for bus operations.     

Forecasting short-term subway passenger flow under special events scenarios using multiscale radial basis function networks

Reliable and accurate short-term subway passenger flow prediction is important for passengers, transit operators, and public agencies. Traditional studies focus on regular demand forecasting and have inherent disadvantages in predicting passenger flows under special events scenarios. These special events may have a disruptive impact on public transportation systems, and should thus be given more attention for proactive management and timely information dissemination. This study proposes a novel multiscale radial basis function (MSRBF) network for forecasting the irregular fluctuation of subway passenger flows. This model is simplified using a matching pursuit orthogonal least squares algorithm through the selection of significant model terms to produce a parsimonious MSRBF model. Combined with transit smart card data, this approach not only exhibits superior predictive performance over prevailing computational intelligence methods for non-regular demand forecasting at least 30 min prior, but also leverages network knowledge to enhance prediction capability and pinpoint vulnerable subway stations for crowd control measures. Three empirical studies with special events in Beijing demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively predict the emergence of passenger flow bursts.     

广珠城际铁路票制选择的思考

从广珠城际铁路的票制现状引发对广珠城际铁路储值票问题的思考。分析非接触式IC卡的应用情况、主要类型及发展趋势。探讨广珠城际铁路票制选择的方向。     

城际铁路票制的选择

城际铁路速度高,又兼具城市轨道交通运量大、开行密度大、公交化等特点,建议为城际铁路移植一卡通票制。以既有的湖北城际铁路线为例,考虑客票实名制及便携性,提出采用居民第二代身份证作为一卡通票制技术实现的平台,并详细地论证了其可行性;借鉴广珠城际铁路的实践经验,给出在湖北城际铁路运营中推行一卡通票制的具体方案。对远期全部施行一卡通票制的效益进行了估算。一卡通票制可适用于湖北城际铁路的运营实践,可兼为铁路投融资平台建设提供新途径。     

浅谈动车组列控车载数据分析方法

通过举例介绍了动车组列控车载数据的分析方法,对于车载、地面设备的故障查找处理提供了重要依据。     

金融IC卡在轨道交通领域的应用研究

介绍了非接触式金融IC卡在城市轨道交通中的应用前景,分析了该应用方案的系统总体结构、交易流程、资金清算及安全体系等。分析表明,经过各相关单位相关应用系统的协调建设,可以实现非接触式金融IC卡在城市轨道交通中的应用。并根据具体案例,介绍了城市轨道交通应用金融IC卡时相关系统的主要改造内容。     

基于IC卡刷卡数据的深圳市轨道交通站点活力研究

基于深圳市IC卡刷卡数据,分析深圳市轨道交通网络客流分布的特征规律,探讨轨道交通的客流模式,并提出一种基于客流强度和客流时间持续性的综合评估指标,定量分析深圳轨道交通站点的客流活力分布特征,而后对轨道交通站点进行分类分析。研究结果表明：深圳轨道交通网络的客流分布极不均衡,少数站点占据了大量的轨道交通客流量,前10的站点客流比重为19.64%;不同类型的站点客流模式存在显著差异,工作日和非工作日客流模式也有所不同。深圳轨道交通网络活力相对匮乏的站点比重较大,超过60%,非工作日轨道交通网络的客流活力明显优于工作日。     

Design of New Long-Distance Intelligent Watt-Hour Meter

The design scheme for a new kind of long-distance intelligent watt-hour meter is presented. In the system, the control computer communicates with the bank＇s host computer by the X. 25 network; the built-in embeded secure access module （ESAM） can verify data by commutation with the intelligent nodes that enhance the security of the data. IC TSS721 is adopted to collect data remotely, and the CPU IC card is used to ensure the the bargaining security and reliability. In addition, the software of the system is introduced.