Making public policy through citizen committees: Case histories from the Islands

Abstract

Citizen committees properly designed can strongly influence public policy. Examples are taken from the results of reports on marine affairs that citizen committees wrote in Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Community acceptance and use of each report came about because (1) many members of the committees were in positions to act on the recommendations, (2) the recommendations were specific and called for actions other than studies, and (3) the governor of each area had asked that a report be drawn. To ensure attention to the reports, each governor had agreed that they would be uncensored, widely publicized, and released concurrently to the public and the government.     

Thread labeling for news event

Automatic thread labeling for news events can help people know different aspects of a news event. In this paper, we present a method to label threads of a news event. We use latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) topic model to extract news threads from news corpus. Our method first selects the thread words subset then extracts phrases based on co-occurrence calculation. The extracted phrase is then used as a label of a news thread. Experimental results show that about 60% of generated labels visualize the meaningful aspects of a news event. These labels can help people fast to capture many different aspects of a news event.     

基于预期偏移距离的人机权值分配策略研究

针对智能车辆横向运动控制中驾驶员和辅助系统的控制权限冲突问题,本文中提出一种人机权值分配策略。采用车辆在预瞄点处的预期偏移距离(PDLC)衡量车道偏离危险度,预期偏移距离通过对预瞄偏差修正获取。权值分配函数设计时以PDLC为自变量,以保证驾驶员的权值为优先控制目标,以一定的横向运动控制精度为先决条件。在CarSim/Simulink联合仿真平台和CarSim/Labview RT硬件在环实验台上对提出的控制策略进行了实验验证和数据分析。结果表明,采用权值分配策略协调驾驶员和辅助系统的控制,可在有效跟踪理想道路中心线的前提下保证驾驶员的控制权值,降低其工作负荷以及纠正驾驶员的误操作行为。     

The time slot allocation problem under uncertain capacity

This paper presents two stochastic programming models for the allocation of time slots over a network of airports. The proposed models address three key issues. First, they provide an optimization tool to allocate time slots, which takes several operational aspects and airline preferences into account; second, they execute the process on a network of airports; and third they explicitly include uncertainty. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first models for time slot allocation to consider both the stochastic nature of capacity reductions and the problem’s network structure. From a practical viewpoint, the proposed models provide important insights for the allocation of time slots. Specifically, they highlight the tradeoff between the schedule/request discrepancies, i.e., the time difference between allocated time slots and airline requests, and operational delays. Increasing schedule/request discrepancies enables a reduction in operational delays. Moreover, the models are computationally viable. A set of realistic test instances that consider the scheduling of four calendar days on different European airport networks has been solved within reasonable – for the application’s context – computation times. In one of our test instances, we were able to reduce the sum of schedule/request discrepancies and operational delays by up to 58%. This work provides slot coordinators with a valuable decision making tool, and it indicates that the proposed approach is very promising and may lead to relevant monetary savings for airlines and aircraft operators.     

New level of vehicle comfort and vehicle stability via utilisation of the suspensions anti-dive and anti-squat geometry

In this article a novel vehicle dynamics control concept is designed for a vehicle equipped with wheel individual electric traction machines, electronically controlled brakes and semi-active suspensions. The suspension's cross-couplings between traction forces and vertical forces via anti-dive and anti-squat geometry is utilised in the control concept to improve driving comfort and driving stability. The control concept is divided into one main and two cascaded branches. The main controller consists of a multivariable vehicle dynamics controller and a control allocation scheme to improve the vehicle's driving comfort. The cascaded feedback loops maintain the vehicle's stability according to wheel slip and vehicle sideslip. The performance of the combined vehicle dynamics controller is compared to a standard approach in simulation. It can be stated that the controller piloting semi-active suspensions together with brake and traction devices enables a superior performance regarding comfort and stability.     

登陆编队前置直升机防潜警戒配置方法及其仿真

根据登陆编队对潜防御的要求,分析了登陆编队前置直升机对潜防御警戒幕配置方法,提出了前置直升机警戒幕的近界和远界;构建了直升机警戒幕防敌潜艇突破数学模型,并在此基础上,实现了直升机警戒幕防敌潜艇突破仿真系统。通过仿真实验,对直升机警戒幕对潜防御效率进行了详细分析,为直升机伴随护航反潜的作战使用提供了理论依据。     

集装箱码头泊位资源动态配置优化

集装箱码头泊位系统是一个典型的排队系统,船舶可视为系统的服务对象即顾客.将泊位及与之对应的岸桥作为一个整体可视为船舶排队系统的服务台,优化配置泊位资源就是基于这一特殊的排队系统进行最优的泊位数量决策.在对集装箱码头服务系统特性分析的基础上,基于排队论对集装箱码头泊位规模的确定进了数学建模,并开发了模拟迭代算法,结合实例分析显示了模型及算法的有效性.     

大型军用仓库资源配置规划研究

针对大型军用仓库的资源配置规划需求,分析构建了资源配置问题的两层决策模型,提出了综合满足上层投资指数和下层保障时间要求的多目标优化资源配置策略,阐述了与遗传算法设计相关的初始配置确定、染色体构建、适应度函数选择等技术问题。仿真证明,经优化后的资源配置方案在满足任务保障时间要求的前提下,可以最大限度地降低投资成本和建设难度,对资源配置规划研究具有普遍意义。     

验船业务量与人员配备量对应关系的研究

文中通过对现有船舶检验业务量与现有验船人员配备量的调研及对对应配备关系进行课题研究,探讨了在执行船检法律、法规、规定的前提下船舶法定检验业务量与验船人员配备量的组合关系,为各船舶检验机构合理配置人员提供一定的依据。     

基于机会约束规划的可靠性优化分配理论研究及应用

提出了一种基于风险管理的系统可靠性优化分配方法.决策者可以根据自己对风险的偏好程度,合理地分配系统各部分的可靠性指标并在系统性能与风险之间取得某种平衡,以使系统的总效用达到期望的最优水平.建立了基于机会约束规划理论的数学模型,对这一方法进行了合理的描述,并用蒙特卡罗仿真法求出了模型的最优解.文中用算例作了说明.