Development of control models for the planning of sustainable transportation systems

Planning of sustainable transportation systems requires integration of multiple systems while considering a holistic approach. A limited amount of research has been conducted that simultaneously considers all the transportation, economic activity, environmental and social effects. The proposed research envisages incorporating considerations related to sustainability and providing solutions to stakeholders in policy making. In this paper, a dynamic model for planning and development of sustainable transportation systems is presented. This is given by a system of three nonlinear differential equations representing the dynamics of the three independent states, namely, transportation, activity, and environmental systems. A policy scenario considering investment in energy efficient technologies and its effects on the states is discussed to assist making investment decisions. Optimal control techniques are used to design the controls. The results show that it is possible to formulate an optimal control to achieve the desired target. Numerical results, based on actual parameters, are presented to illustrate the long-term trends of the states. The methodology discussed in this paper will be helpful to decision makers in making optimal decisions. The contribution of this research work is the introduction of a systems and controls methodology to develop optimal policies for the design of sustainable systems.     

Hybrid analytic-FEM approach for dynamic response analysis of air-cushion vehicle skirts

Focused on the assessment method for dynamic behavior of the skirts of an air cushion vehicle (ACV), this paper proposes a hybrid analytic-FEM approach, within which the self-developed subroutine considers the transient skirt-water contacting force through suggested semi-analytical formula based on the empirical results from CFD simulations of the equivalent flat-plate model. The dynamic explicit algorithm of FEM is adopted to solve the large deformation problem of flexible skirts. The validity of the approach has been confirmed by comparing with previous numerical results as well as published experimental results of steady seal deformation tests at University of Michigan. Afterward, more simulations for demonstration cases are carried out to study the complex dynamic response of the skirts under different skirt-water contacting conditions. The proposed method can obtain more reliable results than traditional analytical method and be more efficient than fluid-structure interaction simulations, thus providing a practical balanced approach aiming at the dynamic response analysis for whole skirts and contributing to the skirts dynamics performance assessment of an ACV.     

Learning marginal-cost pricing via a trial-and-error procedure with day-to-day flow dynamics

This paper investigates the convergence of the trial-and-error procedure to achieve the system optimum by incorporating the day-to-day evolution of traffic flows. The path flows are assumed to follow an ‘excess travel cost dynamics’ and evolve from disequilibrium states to the equilibrium day by day. This implies that the observed link flow pattern during the trial-and-error procedure is in disequilibrium. By making certain assumptions on the flow evolution dynamics, we prove that the trial-and-error procedure is capable of learning the system optimum link tolls without requiring explicit knowledge of the demand functions and flow evolution mechanism. A methodology is developed for updating the toll charges and choosing the inter-trial periods to ensure convergence of the iterative approach towards the system optimum. Numerical examples are given in support of the theoretical findings.     

一系纵向定位间隙对磁流变耦合轮对车辆横向动力学性能的影响

为了合理控制车辆轮对定位间隙,提高磁流变耦合轮对车辆在高速时的横向动力学性能,建立该车辆的空间动力学模型,分析了轮对纵向定位间隙对车辆临界速度和曲线通过性能的影响。得出了纵向定位间隙的增大能使磁流变耦合轮对车辆的临界速度急剧下降,轮对横移量和冲角、轮轨横向力和车体横移加速度快速增大;只有在小间隙的条件下,车辆在高速铁路上才具有较高的临界速度和较好的曲线通过性能。     

关于带闭链工业机器人的动力学建模研究

本文在以影响系数矩阵为基础进行带闭链机器人的动力学方程推导时，采用了符号一数值方法。在计算机上获得一，二阶影响系数矩阵和动力学方程中各矩阵元素的最简解近表达式，解决了当分支的广义坐标数不等于６时出现的长方形（奇异）矩阵求逆的解析表达问题。在ＶＡＸ机上偏制调试出了该方法应的软件，并应用于一个带单闭链地的的孤焊机械手的动力学建模。     

机车—桁架桥梁耦合振动研究

建立了轮对和钢轨之间弹性联接３３个自由度的机车车辆动力学模型，采用有限元法分析计算了列车荷载作用下某铁路双线钢桁桥的动力响应。采用空间梁单元建立了桁架桥的振动方程。根据随机振动理论计算了当列车过桥时，车－桥耦合振动系统的空间动力响应，并与实测结果进行了比较，比较表明，采用弹性联接横型比密贴模型的计算结果更接近于实测值。     

道路交通事故模拟再现的车辆动力学三维模型

应用动力学理论，提出了用于道路交通事故模拟再现分析的车辆动力学三维模型，并引用日本汽车研究所的16例车对车实车碰撞实验数据对该三维模拟模型的计算误差进行界定，并与二维四轮模拟模型的计算精度进行了定量比较，针对实际道路交通事故案例进行了模拟再现。实例证明车辆三维模型在计算车辆碰撞动力学问题时的总体平均相对误差值为6．65％，虽然相对于车辆二维四轮模型其速度计算精度在总体水平上降低了1．43％，但若考虑到其对道路交通事故形态的包容性和形象化方面的优势，计算精度的适度降低是可以接受的。     

双层客车上层地板的模态分析

本文论述了双层客车上层地板模态分析的意义；介绍了上层地板的结构型式和有限元法动力分析。在实验部分，论述了实验的基本原理和注意事项。文中给出了上述两种方法求出的固有频率和振型，并通过分析比较得出几点结论。     

力学中的不连续位移边界元特解法

带有体力项的力学问题,如具有重力项的静力学问题、具有惯性项的动力学问题等,是边界元方法中一大棘手问题。近十年来,国内外一直采用域内积分法解决这个问题。但这种方法需要在区域内划分许多小区域,计算量大,效率较低。本文提出了解决这类问题的一种简便有效的纯边值方法——不连续位移边界元特解法。作者采用这种方法编制的BD2程序,能圆满地解决带有体力项的静力学问题和动力学问题。     

机车径向转向架运动的基本方程

从机车径向转向架的基本型式出发，分析了这种转向架杠杆系统的运动原理及力学特性，阐述了机车径向转向架的设计原则。为便于进行曲绕通过性能分析，提出了机车径向转向架的三参数定位原理，分析了牵引中的轮对导向机理，建立了曲线通过的基本方程。并利用以上研究结果，对机车径向转向架的曲绕通过性能进行定量分析。