城市轨道交通钢轨波磨成因的探讨

在对北京地铁部分线路钢轨波纹磨耗问题进行系统调研及定性分析的基础上,通过建立车轨动力仿真模型,对扣件刚度、阻尼及车速与钢轨波纹磨耗的关系进行动力仿真分析,并提出相关建议,为既有线整治及新线预防提供参考.     

Study of Temperature Field in Natural Ventilated Atrium

Full-scale experimental measurements and modified k-ε two-equation computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model with buoyancy term are used to investigate temperature field of the single-sided natural ventilated atrium with large openings. Compared with the measured values, the modified k--ε turbulent mode can effectively simulate the low Reynold number airflow in the single-side naturally ventilated atrium. Based on the experiment,the optimum period of utilizing natural ventilation for indoor climate control was determined. And the characteristic of the temperature field was analyzed and classified into two zones:lower linear temperature distribution zone and upper thermal accumulation area where temperature is power function distributed. These can be referenced for design and operation of atrium in north China.     

铁道车辆通过辙叉时的垂向动力模拟计算

在车辆－轨道垂向系统统一模型的基础上，提出铁道车辆－辙叉相互模型。对道岔结构作一定的简化处理，针对道岔垂向几何不平顺，运用轮轨系统耦合动力学理论，模拟计算得到车辆通过道岔辙叉时的轮轨冲击力以及车体、辙叉、岔枕和道床等振动响应。模拟结果显示：辙叉叉心处的不平顺空间，是直接影响轮轨冲击力的部位，它可以引起较大的轮轨冲击力，并引起车辆与轨下基础结构振动。     

大型货车对线路动力影响的研究

基于轮轨系统耦合动力学原理，应用车辆一轨道垂向系统统一模型及计算机仿真软件，分析了大型铁路货车对线路的动力影响与危害，并讨论了宜所采用的车辆技术对策。通过对新设计的大型货车方案进行轮轨动力作用性能预测，论证了我国发展低动力作用大型货车运输体系的切实可行性。     

两自由度不同截面形式柱体涡激振动的CFD数值模拟

文章采用计算流体力学（CFD）方法,结合SST k-棕湍流模型,对低质量比柱体进行两自由度涡激振动数值模拟,得到了柱体升力、曳力系数的时程曲线,并观察了柱体进入锁振状态的幅值变化,研究了不同截面形式柱体在外流速处于0.1-1.0 m/s范围内的振动响应。将圆柱体在不同流速下两向振动的CFD数值模拟与实验数据进行比较,得到了较为满意的结果。通过分析不同截面柱体在不同外流速下的振动幅值发现,带有抑振装置的柱体截面形式能够有效地减小涡激振动,其中,板状截面柱体抑振效果较好。     

舵球鳍参数对扭曲舵水动力性能的影响研究

文章对桨后普通舵和扭曲舵的水动力性能进行了试验研究,并采用计算流体力学方法对桨舵系统的水动力性能进行计算,得到了不同进速系数下的推力系数、扭矩系数以及敞水效率,并绘制了敞水性能曲线。通过桨舵模型试验值与计算值的对比,验证了计算方法的可靠性。为了进一步提高扭曲舵的节能效果,在扭曲舵前安装了舵球,优化舵球的半径后在舵球两端安装推力鳍,通过优选推力鳍的各个参数（安装位置、展弦比和安装角）,使桨舵系统的敞水效率逐步提高。确定了舵球鳍的最优参数后,桨—扭曲舵系统的效率进一步提高1.2%。最后通过观察舵表面压力分布、舵附近轴向速度和迹线分布,分析了舵球鳍对桨舵干扰的影响。     

基于图像处理的舰船火灾烟雾检测技术研究

舰船火灾探测报警系统作为损管监测体系的关键构成部分,其性能的优劣将会直接影响到舰船和舰员的安全问题。为提高舰船火灾探测技术的实时性和准确性,减少误报、漏报等情况的发生,提出一种结合烟雾颜色特征与运动特征进行研究的视频火灾烟雾检测技术。该技术通过运动目标区域检测和对烟雾颜色特征、形状不规则性和扩散性特征的提取,经过分析与判断,将满足烟雾特征判据的目标区域判别为烟雾区域。检测结果表明该技术能够准确且迅速地探测火灾烟雾,误报率低,可靠性好。     

基于逆向工程的离心泵三维建模及数值模拟

离心泵是重要的船用机械配套设备,计算机技术的发展和功能强大的三维制图软件为构造具有复杂曲面的离心泵蜗壳及叶轮流道提供了极大的便利。本文在逆向工程思想的指导下,结合三维激光扫描仪、相关点云处理软件和三维CAD软件,精确地构建出离心泵的三维模型。建立泵的三维水力模型,利用CFD方法分析其内部流动现象和规律。将离心泵性能预测值与试验值进行比较,结果表明两者符合的很好,为泵的结构优化和性能提升打下了基础。     

Vehicle rollover avoidance by application of gain-scheduled LQR controllers using state observers

Many researches have been conducted in the area of control applied to vehicle dynamics, aiming at reducing the possibility of the occurrence of the type of accident known as rollover. In this research, based on a common nonlinear model and its linearisation, a method for properly selecting matrices for solving the Riccati equation considering different speeds was proposed. The method showed in which ways speed really influences the choice of controller gains. By developing the dynamic equations for the yaw- and roll-coupled motions and modelling of controllers and state observers, it is possible to compare the efficacy of this control strategy using both linear and nonlinear simulations using Matlab. Significant results were obtained regarding the reduction of the rollover coefficient for a double-lane change manoeuvre at different speeds, thus indicating advantages of using this controller in practical cases.     

Quasi steady-state aerodynamic model development for race vehicle simulations

Presented in this paper is a procedure to develop a high fidelity quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for use in race car vehicle dynamic simulations. Developed to fit quasi steady-state wind tunnel data, the aerodynamic model is regressed against three independent variables: front ground clearance, rear ride height, and yaw angle. An initial dual range model is presented and then further refined to reduce the model complexity while maintaining a high level of predictive accuracy. The model complexity reduction decreases the required amount of wind tunnel data thereby reducing wind tunnel testing time and cost. The quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for the pitch moment degree of freedom is systematically developed in this paper. This same procedure can be extended to the other five aerodynamic degrees of freedom to develop a complete six degree of freedom quasi steady-state aerodynamic model for any vehicle.