探讨危旧桥梁加固的有关技术问题

随着国家经济建设脚步的加快,路桥的建设技术也在不断的进步,危旧桥梁的加固处理也成为桥梁建设的热点话题之一。因为公路车流量的增多,在上世纪末建设的桥梁一直都存在过载使用的问题,过多的重型车辆对危旧桥梁的使用也是一项巨大的考验。在一些使用年限比较久的桥梁中,出现了桥体老化现象。本文就危旧桥梁加固的有关技术问题进行了探讨。     

Bush-based sensitivity analysis for approximating subnetwork diversion

Subnetwork analysis is often used in traffic assignment problems to reduce the size of the network being analyzed, with a corresponding decrease in computation time. This is particularly important in network design, second-best pricing, or other bilevel problems in which many equilibrium runs must be solved as a subproblem to a master optimization program. A fixed trip table based on an equilibrium path flow solution is often used, but this ignores important attraction and diversion effects as drivers (globally) change routes in response to (local) subnetwork changes. This paper presents an approach for replacing a regional network with a smaller one, containing all of the subnetwork, and zones. Artificial arcs are created to represent “all paths” between each origin and subnetwork boundary node, under the assumption that the set of equilibrium routes does not change. The primary contribution of the paper is a procedure for estimating a cost function on these artificial arcs, using derivatives of the equilibrium travel times between the end nodes to create a Taylor series. A bush-based representation allows rapid calculation of these derivatives. Two methods for calculating these derivatives are presented, one based on network transformations and resembling techniques used in the analysis of resistive circuits, and another based on iterated solution of a nested set of linear equations. These methods are applied to two networks, one small and artificial, and the other a regional network representing the Austin, Texas metropolitan area. These demonstrations show substantial improvement in accuracy as compared to using a fixed table, and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.     

A model for the visualization and analysis of elevator traffic

ABSTRACT

Analysis of elevator traffic in high rise buildings is critical to the performance evaluation of elevator group control systems (EGCS). Elevator dispatching methods or parking algorithms in an EGCS can be designed or modified according to analyses of traffic flow. However, interpretation of traffic flow based solely on numerical data may not be explicit and transparent for EGCS experts as well as for other non-expert building administration. In this study, we present a model for visualization and analysis of elevator traffic. First, we present an alternative approach for traffic analysis which we call route visualization. In the proposed approach, we initially decompose elevator traffic into its component parts and investigate each component independently. Then, using superposition of components we obtain a reconstructed model of overall traffic. This modeling approach provides component-based traffic analysis and representation of routes with intensities through data visualization. In the second part we introduce a multi-dimensional analysis of time parameters in ECGS. This approach provides a comparative analysis of several control algorithms such as dispatch or park algorithms for different combinations of traffic components.     

Vulnerability analysis for large-scale and congested road networks with demand uncertainty

To assess the vulnerability of congested road networks, the commonly used full network scan approach is to evaluate all possible scenarios of link closure using a form of traffic assignment. This approach can be computationally burdensome and may not be viable for identifying the most critical links in large-scale networks. In this study, an “impact area” vulnerability analysis approach is proposed to evaluate the consequences of a link closure within its impact area instead of the whole network. The proposed approach can significantly reduce the search space for determining the most critical links in large-scale networks. In addition, a new vulnerability index is introduced to examine properly the consequences of a link closure. The effects of demand uncertainty and heterogeneous travellers’ risk-taking behaviour are explicitly considered. Numerical results for two different road networks show that in practice the proposed approach is more efficient than traditional full scan approach for identifying the same set of critical links. Numerical results also demonstrate that both stochastic demand and travellers’ risk-taking behaviour have significant impacts on network vulnerability analysis, especially under high network congestion and large demand variations. Ignoring their impacts can underestimate the consequences of link closures and misidentify the most critical links.     

施工最大悬臂状态梁桥P-Δ效应有限元分析

文章以赣江大桥和宁海新桥特大桥为研究对象,利用有限元模型对其主桥施工最大悬臂状态下P-Δ效应进行了计算,分析了考虑P-Δ效应时的桥梁位移与应力变化情况,为今后类似工程的设计计算和施工监控提供参考。     

梧州西江四桥主桥结构设计及受力分析

文章结合梧州西江四桥主桥工程方案,介绍了该主桥桥型的结构受力特性,阐述了主桥各主要构件的设计要点,并通过静力计算及动力分析,验证了该主桥结构设计方案的合理性和可行性。     

Artificial forces for virtual autonomous ships with encountering situations in restricted waters

ABSTRACT

Even if the same two ships operate in the same encountering situation, the actual strategies and timing of operations may be different. Therefore, the fixed collision avoidance trajectory and ship movements are no longer suitable for simulating the real ship behaviour. This paper tries to develop an artificial intelligent system that fully sensitive to the local circumstances and command a ship in virtual environment. Based on AIS (Automatic Identification System) data, this study has developed artificial forces which help decision makings on-board independently under different situations and catching the stochastic nature of ship behaviours during collision avoidances manoeuvring. Actual ship tracks are helpful for ascertaining the parameters that contribute to artificial forces in collision avoidances, while the correlation coefficient analysis is helpful to distinguish the parameters. This study will help to develop a navigation traffic simulation to reflect the realistic ship behaviour and provide reliable information for port and waterway planning, risk analysis, and mitigation measures. The method can be used in developing algorithms for autonomous ships. The method introduced in this study lays a foundation for developing artificial forces at intersections or bends, although the model is only applicable in straight channels at the moment.     

自升式平台升降装置设计与强度分析

针对自升式平台升降装置长期依赖进口的现状,自主设计研发了400英尺及以上作业水深的自升式平台电动齿轮齿条传动升降装置,并对其关键部件爬升齿轮进行了重点设计及强度分析。通过DNV及相关规范与有限元结果对比的方法对升降装置关键部位在风暴自存工况下进行强度校核,分析其结构强度性。根据方案设计生产升降装置样机,并对试验样机并进行了载荷试验、疲劳试验,试验结果表明,该装置符合设计和使用要求,为自升式平台升降装置设计提供指导与参考。     

基于ANSYS的无缆潜航器力学性能分析研究

为了设计无缆潜航器,采用数值分析和机械制造相结合的方式,设计出一款新型无缆潜航器,在设计制造出潜航器的基础上,对该无缆潜航器进行力学性能分析研究,对其水下运动规律及特性进行了理论推导,采用数值分析的方法分别讨论机器人的结构力学特性和流体力学特性,并对机器人的应力应变强度参数进行仿真分析,讨论不同情况下机器人的属性参数,结合分析数据,对潜航器运行工况下的各项参数进行了稳定性分析,最后对以上所有参数进行总结归纳,文中所采用的方法可以用于机器人设计及优化。     

美标高桩码头抗震计算位移法的对比

从原理和适用性的角度对美标高桩码头抗震计算方法进行对比,着重研究了位移法及其中的替代结构法。对替代结构法中推覆曲线的双折线化方式、阻尼比计算、反应谱衰减等影响因素进行分析。通过推覆分析和替代结构法计算变形能力和地震位移、复核码头抗震性能。结合实际案例,采用反应谱法和替代结构法对某高桩码头结构进行抗震分析。结果表明反应谱法趋于保守,不能反映塑性后的荷载衰减,相比而言替代结构法更为准确。而对于替代结构法,不同的等效阻尼比会较大程度影响地震位移结果。