重载铁路四线高墩连续梁桥的设计

神瓦(神木—瓦塘)铁路冯家川车站大桥为重载铁路四线桥,主桥采用4线(65+100+65)m连续梁,最大墩高85 m.桥上线间距大,上下部结构横向尺寸较大,利用有限元分析软件BSAS,MIDAS/FEA对结构受力进行了计算分析.结果表明:在主梁梁高相同的情况下,采用单箱三室截面能更好地减小主应力,采用单箱双室截面增加腹板厚度对主应力的改善有限;多线桥桥墩横向尺寸较大,空心截面设置纵肋板能很好地提高高墩的局部稳定性;主梁及桥墩各项计算指标均满足规范要求.     

基于分段单孔反演的隧址区多断层地应力分布特征

目前，针对具有多个原位地应力测试钻孔的隧址区初始地应力场反演，往往一次性将全部实测值用以计算值的回归反分析，没有考虑到隧道纵向长度远超其他方向且钻孔分布较远的特点，单个钻孔表征的临近区域地应力分布特征或反演精度被其余钻孔实测值“拉低”，导致整体反演结果容易陷入局部优解。依托拉林铁路桑珠岭隧道、叙毕铁路斑竹林隧道、沿江高速火山隧道、木寨岭公路隧道等工程，采用多元线性回归法结合最小二乘法寻优准则，分析了隧址区仅有单个钻孔反演精度较高的原因，提出了对具有多个钻孔的隧址区分段并分别进行单钻孔回归反演的新方法。在此基础上，重点讨论了木寨岭公路隧道断层破碎带区域地应力分布特征。结果表明：分段单孔反演较多孔反演进一步提高了反演精度；地应力的分布在断层前后呈现出先急剧增大后急剧减小的特征；除自重应力与埋深存在一定关联外，两项水平主应力随断层间距或厚度的增大突变性加剧；断层之间间距、断层倾角、断层厚度均是影响地应力方向偏转大小的重要因素，断层之间间距或断层倾角越小、断层越厚，地应力方向偏转越显著。     

考虑拥堵空间排队与溢出的道路网静态交通流分配

为刻画拥堵空间排队与溢出现象对交通流分配的影响，提出考虑拥堵空间排队与溢出的道路网静态交通流分配问题，并构建相关的求解算法，用于描述交通需求在起讫点移动过程中路网整体的宏观运行状态。首先，丰富和完善考虑拥堵空间排队与溢出的静态交通流分配的相关假设，提出次生瓶颈、拥堵干扰与渗透和分段化路段阻抗等基本概念和理论，来刻画拥堵交通瓶颈、拥堵空间排队等交通现象；其次，建立网络瓶颈识别算法和空间排队回溯算法，基于此构建考虑拥堵空间排队和溢出的增量分配算法，用于求解交通流分配的结果；最后，通过使用一个具有说明型的算例进行对比分析。研究结果表明：建立的瓶颈识别、排队回溯和增量分配算法可以识别路网中的瓶颈位置及其拥堵排队区域，并可计算得到各路段上的分段分配流量；与点排队只影响瓶颈路段的运行状况和均一的路段分配结果相比，可有效描述路网整体的宏观运行状态以及由于拥堵空间排队所导致的拥堵干扰与渗透现象；不同于“时间片”的伪动态交通流分配模型，新建算法的分配结果是“全时段”与“整体性”的路网宏观运行状态，包含了拥堵瓶颈的具体位置和空间排队的干扰与渗透情况；一般拥堵点排队模型和基于“时间片”的拥堵空间排队模型难以刻画拥堵干扰与渗透现象以及路网整体的宏观运行状态，故所建立的分配方法是对传统拥堵交通流分配的丰富和发展。     

兰新高速铁路高寒地段路基温度场数值模拟分析

兰新高铁浩门至大梁区间所处地区海拔高,气温低,冻结期长,属于深季节性冻土区。为解决该区间路基冻害问题,依据当地气候条件,运用ANSYS有限元分析软件,对低路堤、零断面换填路基及不同深度处铺设保温材料的路基温度场进行数值模拟,分析路基冻结深度的变化规律和最大冻结深度,为高寒区高速铁路路基冻害防治措施设计提供参考。研究表明:(1)由于兰新高铁浩门至大梁区间海拔高、冬季冻结时间长、气温低等原因,导致路基冻结深度大;(2)零断面换填路基实测地温和数值模拟计算结果基本相符,所选计算模型、参数等可以为其他相同条件断面数值模拟分析采用;(3)铺设保温板路基温度场较未铺设保温板的0℃线上移,冻结深度增加速率变小,最大冻结深度明显减小,路基保温效果较好;(4)由于路基边坡、基床以下部位土层性质、厚度、热物理参数等影响,低路堤最大冻结深度比零断面换填路基大。     

含初始变形船体加筋板有效宽度及剩余极限强度研究

为了评估舰船结构损伤后的剩余强度,对船体加筋板出现初始几何变形后,参与总纵强度的有效宽度和加筋板剩余极限强度进行研究。将加筋板受到垂直于平面压力后的变形,作为其初始几何变形,改变变形的方向和大小,利用有限元软件Ansys对加筋板结构进行线性和非线性分析。定义了板有效宽度计算方法,对不同变形方向和变形幅值时板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度进行对比分析,并拟合得到了计算板有效宽度和加筋板极限强度的经验公式。结果表明,初始几何变形会削弱加筋板结构的强度。在对损伤后船体结构强度进行分析和校核时,提出的经验公式可以直接用来计算板的有效宽度和加筋板的极限强度。     

深海变径声阵缆布放回收装置研究

本文提出了基于深海工作站运搭载的变径缆海底布放回收方式，介绍了变径缆海底布放回收装置的主要工作原理和结构组成，完成了布放回收装置主要部套件的设计计算以及和电液控制系统的设计及计算。     

海洋核动力平台全频段舱室噪声预报与降噪方案研究

随着新规范对船舶及海上工作平台提出了更高要求，舱室噪声的控制及优化设计越来越受到人们的关注。本文首先对全频段舱室噪声预报软件——VA One软件统计能量分析理论及软件概况进行了阐述，其次应用该软件对海洋核动力平台进行几何建模与仿真计算。通过对舱室仿真计算结果与标准指标要求的对比分析，在设计阶段提出了海洋核动力平台舱室空气噪声综合治理降噪方案，该措施可以缩短建造周期、降低制造成本，提高海洋核动力平台的舒适性与安全性，具有十分重要的经济效益和社会效益。     

A signal decomposition method based on repeated extraction of maximum energy component for offshore structures

Contrary to most signal decomposition methods that usually decompose an original signal into a series of components simultaneously, a novel approach based on repeated extraction of Maximum Energy Component (MEC) is proposed. The approach starts from determination of the MEC referring to the estimated Power Spectral Density (PSD) function, and then represents the MEC by employing an exponential function to fit the original signal. By defining a stopping criterion based on two adjacent estimated PSDs, each MEC can be accurately extracted with an improved performance throughout the entire signal decomposition. To verify the proposed method, a single degree-of-freedom system subject to harmonic loads has been examined. Numerical results show that the analytical response can not only be decomposed into four MECs corresponding to the excitation and the system, respectively, but also provide an accurate estimation of natural frequency and damping ratio of the system. Meanwhile, by observing results from the Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD), Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) and Prony based on state-space model (Prony-SS), an improved decomposition accuracy has been achieved from the proposed approach. Furthermore, experimental data from the Norwegian Deepwater Programme and two sets of field-test data from one fixed offshore platform and an offshore wind turbine have been used to demonstrate the correctness of the developed signal decomposition method. It is noted that divergence in results by Prony-SS can be observed when a very large model order is used, while the proposed method provides the better decomposition and reconstruction of signals.     

Integrated models of land use and transportation for the autonomous vehicle revolution

ABSTRACT

The advent of the autonomous vehicle (AV) will affect not only the transportation system, but also future patterns of land development. Integrated land use and transportation models will be critical tools in assessing the path forward with this technology. Key questions with respect to land use impacts of AVs arise from potential changes in sensitivity to travel and reduced demand for parking. It is an open question whether AVs will induce urban sprawl, or whether spatial economies of agglomeration will mitigate any reductions in travel time sensitivity. The deployment of shared fleets of AVs would likely reduce parking demand, producing yet to be explored impacts on property development within existing urban footprints. We perform a critical assessment of currently operational models and their ability to represent the adoption of AVs. We identify the representation of time in such models as a vital component requiring additional development to model this new technology. Existing model applications have focused on the discrete addition of new infrastructure or policy at a fixed point in time, whereas AV adoption will occur incrementally through time. Stated adaptation surveys are recommended as tools to quantify preferences and develop relevant model inputs. It is argued that existing models that assume comparatively static equilibrium have been convenient in the past, but are insufficient to model technology adoption. In contrast, dynamic model frameworks lack sufficient structure to maintain reasonability under large perturbations from base conditions. The ongoing advancement of computing has allowed models to move away from being mechanistic aggregate tools, towards behaviourally rich depictions of individual persons and firms. However, much work remains to move from projections of existing conditions into the future, to the evolution of the spatial economy as it evolves through time in response to new technologies and exogenous stresses. Principles from complex and evolutionary systems theory will be important in the development of models with the capacity to consider such dynamics.