谈柴油机废气涡轮增压器的正确使用及故障分析

简要介绍了柴油机废气涡轮增压器的基本工作原理。阐述了对柴油机增压器的正确使用、维护以及常见故障分析。     

基于Faster R-CNN与形态法的路面病害识别

为提高基于图像处理的路面表观病害检测识别效率及精度,引入目标检测中的快速区域卷积神经网络(Faster Region Convolutional Neural Network,Faster R-CNN)算法以快速识别病害种类、位置与面积;针对已提取的带边框裂缝病害区域,采用基于VGG16迁移学习与模型微调的CNN与50...     

巴塞罗那地铁设计与运营特点

分析巴塞罗那地铁系统线网、车站的特点,包括复合的网络结构、多样的线路形式,简洁朴素、人性化的车站,并介绍典型的线路与车站之间的基本形式——巴塞罗那解决方案.从运营方案、运营组织模式、列车类型和票务制度出发,归纳总结巴塞罗那地铁的运营特点,可为我国地铁建设规划与运营提供参考.     

The future of road safety: A worldwide perspective

Estimates by the World Health Organization suggest that, on a yearly basis, road crashes kill 1.25 million people—nearly 3400 road fatalities per day—and injure up to 50 million. Traffic injuries are not equally spread over the world, however; some countries are hit harder than others, and the chance of being killed in a road crash depends on where one lives. Almost 90% of all traffic casualties occur in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Globally, the number of fatalities per 100,000 population (mortality rate) ranges from less than 3 to almost 40. The rate is less than 9 in high-income countries (HIC) but averages around 20 in LMIC, with the African region demonstrating the highest rate (26.6). While road safety trends have been positive in HIC over the last few decades, trends in LMIC are not telling a positive story: road fatalities are expected to increase to almost 2 million road fatalities per year by 2020.The United Nations has adopted several resolutions on road safety and proposes actions to tackle the global road safety crisis. Considering the current level of road safety to be unacceptable, the UN has taken several initiatives. One effort, the Decade of Action for Road Safety 2011–2020, has generated substantial activity around the world over the last couple of years. Furthermore, it is very encouraging that the UN included road safety in the Sustainable Development Goals that it laid out in September 2015. Road safety is part of the public health agenda and the urban development agenda. Measured in “real actions,” however, the responses so far from the overall global community and individual countries do not suggest that we are already on the right track to bringing down the death toll on roads.The future of road safety is uncertain and definitely not the same for all regions of the world. Countries with a mature road safety approach and an ambition to make further progress are expected to move in the direction of a pro-active approach: a Safe System approach. It is reported that many LMIC, meanwhile, are on the brink of designing road safety strategies and implementing action plans. The international community is willing to support LMIC, but LMIC cannot simply copy successful HIC strategies because local circumstances differ. The principles of successful HIC strategies are applicable, but the priorities and action plans should take root in and align with local conditions.     

基于BIM的公路隧道运维管理系统设计与开发

近年来,我国公路隧道建设里程快速增长,但在隧道运维管理中存在技术落后、管理人员配置不足等问题。针对管理中存在的问题,本文提出将BIM(building information modeling,建筑信息模型)引入公路隧道的运维管理,通过制定具体实施规划及设计系统架构,实现可视化的公路隧道运维管理。以浙江省41省道岭下隧道工程为依托,建立基于BIM的公路隧道运维管理平台,为公路隧道运维管理提供一种直观、便捷的管理方式,提高公路隧道的信息化管理水平。     

基于两阶段K-means聚类的道路运行状况评价方法

为有效评价道路运行状况,通过分析车辆在行驶过程中运行状态的变化,研究了一种基于两阶段K-means聚类(TSKC)的道路运行状况评价方法.针对K-means聚类数选取的任意性和聚类中心选取的随机性问题,提出基于遍历的K-means聚类方法,采用类吸引度确定聚类数和初始中心,并以此为初始条件进行第二阶段K-means聚类,得到交通模式.提出模式吸引度、路段评价指数、分布均衡度,并用这些指标来评价路段交通运行状况.以北京市朝阳区北辰东路为例进行验证,结果表明,该方法比传统道路评价方法更细致、全面、直观地描绘了车辆状态的演变过程和交通模式的分布情况,具有良好的实用性.     

公共电动自行车系统运营模式设计模型

当前对传统公共自行车系统运营模式的研究主要是定性分析,各种方法标准不一,且研究结论与实际差别较大,不能直接用于资金、设施等要求更高的公共电动自行车系统的运营模式设计问题.因此,提出了一种定量设计模型,利用0-1混合整数规划模型对系统的经营主体进行筛选,再利用动态规划模型分配资源.利用算例进行模拟分析,结果表明:①与以资金多和收益好为优的常规的定性分析法相比,定量模型能更合理配置系统构成要素,降低政府的财政负担,分别为政府节省18.68%和23.09%的资金.②在公共电动自行车系统建设和运营过程中,宜采用政企合作模式.③相对于系统运营而言,系统建设期间对政府投入的资金反应更灵敏,因此政府有必要加大建设期的资金投入.     

我国道路客运业的现状及发展对客车制造业的影响

本文对我国道路客运业的现状和特点进行了分析介绍,指出道路客运业向集约化、规模化发展,客运经营主体的资质、经营管理水平等需要进一步的提高。道路客运业的发展对客车制造企业提出了更多要求,但二者又是相互融合、共同发展的。     

城市轨道交通系统票种设置及票务规则研究

轨道交通系统目前已经在许多城市形成了线网结构,在运营范围扩大的同时也增加了票务管理的难度。系统投资高、回收期长的特点决定了轨道交通系统必须设置具有吸引力的票种和探讨线网条件下的票务规则。在根据系统客流时空特性的基础上,设置了单程类和储值类2大类13种轨道交通车票,并根据系统运营的实际情况把轨道交通运营状态分成正常、降级和紧急3大类工作模式,探讨了不同工作模式下各类车票的票务规则,有利于提高轨道交通系统的经济和社会效益。