河北省内河水上交通安全管理探析

河北省内河许多水域安全基础设施简陋,缺乏必要的安全保障措施,已严重影响水上交通安全管理工作的正常进行．进而在一定程度上制约地方经济发展。通过对当前河北省内河水上交通安全现状的研究,系统分析我省内河水上交通安全管理的特点。并在法制法规、资金筹措、制度建设等方面提出观点和建议。     

高速公路隧道入口区域交通工程设施改善对策与应用

高速公路隧道入口区域交通事故率高于普通路段,尤其是追尾、撞击洞门事故频发,容易造成群死群伤。为提升高速公路隧 道入口区域的交通安全,在《公路隧道提质升级行动技术指南》对交通工程设施相关规定的基础上,提出隧道入口区域交通工程设 施应满足空间路权、驾驶人因和驾驶任务的基本原则。隧道入口区域典型问题集中于可变信息板、标志信息和视线诱导设施上,主 要是信息组合不良、交通标志位置不当、诱导信息不连续和不一致。由此进一步提出隧道入口区域标牌内容、形式和位置的设置建 议,并提出通过增设环形立面标记、隧道轮廓带、警示型线形诱导标、柔性警示柱和防撞桶等视线诱导设施来加强隧道入口区域的 视觉环境过渡的方法。最后,基于空间路权、驾驶人因和驾驶任务3 个基本原则对交通工程设施改善效果进行评价。     

农村公路交通安全设施选用适用性分析

基于农村公路的特点,通过对不同危险路段的各种交通安全设施进行实施效果及经济适用性分析,提出了在交通安全设施设置方案决策时应树立的一些基本意识和理念。结合各类设施在选用形式和实施效果上所能达到的安全作用,说明了设置方案的合理性。根据各种交通安全设施设置成本的构成,研究了设置方案成本的预测方法和经济效益计算方法,为各种交通安全设施设置方案的经济可行性判断提供了依据。     

公路滑坡处治工程的施工控制

详细介绍了排水设施、抗滑桩、预应力锚索、抗滑挡墙和注浆加固等滑坡处治工程的施工工艺要求，对公路工程滑坡的处治工程的施工有指导意义。     

论公路隧道提质升级

与欧洲和日本等发达国家相比，我国公路隧道工程品质亟待提升。从国家战略、行业需求和人民需要3个维度分析开展公路隧道提质升级行动的时代背景，从8个方面解读其深刻内涵，并详尽阐述公路隧道提质升级的总体思路和技术要点。强调应关注的重点区域是隧道洞口、洞身和路面，最需要补齐的短板是通风、照明、消防、逃生疏散、交通安全设施以及智能化管养平台，并提出“设施是基础、安全是根本、养护是关键、管控是核心、预案是保障、品质是追求”，建议大力推进公路隧道建设、管理、养护、运营、安全、服务协调发展，打造安全、绿色、智能的公路隧道，助力我国由“公路隧道大国”迈向“公路隧道强国”。     

We can all get along: The alignment of driver and bicyclist roadway design preferences in the San Francisco Bay Area

Two trends in the United States—growth in bicycling and enthusiasm for complete streets—suggest a need to understand how various roadway users view roadway designs meant to accommodate multiple modes. While many studies have examined bicyclists’ roadway design preferences, there has been little investigation into the opinions of non-bicyclists who might bicycle in the future. Additionally, little research has explored the preferences of the motorists who share roads with cyclists—despite the fact that motorists compose the vast majority of roadway users in the United States and similarly developed countries.This paper presents results from an internet survey examining perceived comfort while driving and bicycling on various roadways among 265 non-bicycling drivers, bicycling drivers, and non-driving bicyclists in the San Francisco Bay Area. Analysis of variance tests revealed that both drivers and bicyclists are more comfortable on roadways with separated bicycling facilities than those with shared space. In particular, roadways with barrier-separated bicycle lanes were the most popular among all groups, regardless of bicycling frequency. Striped bicycle lanes, a common treatment in the United States, received mixed reviews: a majority of the sample believed that they benefit cyclists and drivers through predictability and legitimacy on the roadway, but the lanes were rated significantly less comfortable than barrier-separated treatments—particularly among potential bicyclists.These findings corroborate research on bicyclists’ preferences for roadway design and contribute a new understanding of motorists’ preferences. They also support the U.S. Federal Highway Administration’s efforts to encourage greater accommodation of bicyclists on urban streets.     

旧路改造期间运营安全评价

旧路改造期间不断交施工,交通量较大,应对其运营安全预先分析评价。通过对沿线设施预先危险性分析可知,危险因素等级均为Ⅱ级,并提出防范措施。通过对改建期运营预先危险性分析可知,危险因素中车辆伤害、起重伤害等级为Ⅲ级,对可能造成人员重大伤亡及设施严重破坏的灾难性事故,应立即采取防范对策。     

交通工程安全设施设计技术研究

鉴于交通工程安全设施在整个交通系统中的重要性和必要性，介绍了几种常见的交通工程安全设施的设计以及相关注意事项，提出在交通工程施工中须对安全设施的设计给予足够重视，充分保证交通工程的建设质量及使用安全。     

宝马车系诊断设备及电控发动机的重点组成部件

介绍宝马发动机电控系统诊断信息、车间诊断设备、电控发动机的重点组成部件。     

Serial private infrastructures

This paper investigates private supply of two congestible infrastructures that are serial, where the consumer has to use both in order to consume. Four market structures are analysed: a monopoly and 3 duopolies that differ in how firms interact. It is well known that private supply leads too high usage fees, and that a serial duopoly leads to even higher fees than a monopoly, as firms are monopolists on their sections. But, as this paper finds, a duopoly can also lead to a different capacity rule than the first-best one, and this distortion differs from with two parallel facilities. Finally, four auction formats for the right to build and operate facilities are investigated. With a bid auction, the competition is on how much to pay the government. This auction leads to the same outcome as no auction. An auction on the facility’s capacity leads to an even lower welfare than no auction, as firms set overly large high capacities. Conversely, an auction on the generalised price or number of users leads to the first-best outcome, which they do when the facilities go to one or two winners and both with serial as with parallel facilities.