具有自由液面效应的圆柱绕流三维数值模拟

基于计算流体力学软件CFX、应用RNG k-ε湍流模型、结合流体体积法(VOF法)模拟均匀流场中半沉浸三维圆柱运动,分析自由液面对圆柱尾迹以及圆柱表面水动力特征参数的影响。结果表明:在自由液面流场中,雷诺数较高时,自由液面对流场流动的影响较小;而雷诺数一定时,自由液面对流场的影响随着傅汝德数的增加而增加;在自由液面作用下,圆柱的时均阻力系数和时均压力系数随流场的傅汝德数和雷诺数的增加而减小。     

一种装舰约束条件下的武器通道作战能力计算方法

根据舰载作战系统武器打击通道的作战流程,分析武器通道中传感器视界、打击武器射界和时延性能等参数,提出一种考虑装舰约束条件和各系统设备战技指标匹配性的武器通道作战能力计算方法。该方法通过综合权衡武器通道传感器、指控系统和火力打击设备战技指标在实际装舰条件下的能力匹配性与战技指标的下降程度,将该武器通道的作战能力揉合成几个主要的战技指标,建立效用指数模型对指标进行归一化,最后,通过层次分析法对该武器通道的作战能力进行量化分析。仿真结果显示,在装舰约束条件下,防空反导作战武器通道反应时间、杀伤区域和系统多目标能力的匹配性对武器通道的作战能力影响较大。     

小水线面双体船耐波性能CFD不确定度分析

  目的  为了提高航海模拟器中小水线面双体船（SWATH）的模拟精度,更好地掌握此类船舶的操纵特性,  方法  根据SWATH船型的运动特点,在MMG三自由度模型的基础上,较为完整地计入耦合的纵荡、横荡、艏摇、横摇及纵摇运动,建立SWATH的五自由度运动数学模型。基于此应用模型建立SWATH的实船数学模型,对该数学模型进行微分求解,仿真模拟SWATH的旋回运动、Z形运动,并进行定性分析。  结果  分析显示：仿真模拟结果符合SWATH操纵运动原理及实际运动特征,验证了数学模型的准确性。  结论  该模型可真实反映实船的运动规律,可应用于航海模拟器中。     

基于AQWA计算规则波中新型海工船的运动响应

本文应用三维势流理论的水动力软件AQWA分析一种新型工程船舶在波浪中的运动响应,新型船为改造的波兰中型集装箱船B-573,设计搭载Pram型艉和POD吊舱式推进系统的新型海工船.本文计算此船在规则波中不同浪向角条件下的六个自由度的频域和时域的运动响应,得到在不同浪向角下船体的响应振幅算子RAO,计算船舶顺浪下不同船速的垂荡RAO以及纵荡、垂荡和纵摇三个自由度的一阶、二阶波浪力,分析结果显示该新船型具有良好的耐波性.     

Weight threshold estimation of falling UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) based on impact energy

Different weight thresholds for drone operations have been specified by regulatory agencies in different countries, without detailed backgrounds of guidelines. Therefore, this paper aims to study weight thresholds by focusing different levels of injuries caused by the impact of the drones on human head of different weights dropped at various heights. The work covers drone free drop modelling, FEM (finite element method) based impact modeling, and comparable drop impact experiments. The analyses and experiments were conducted accordingly to two individual commercially-available groups: small and large drones in weights. Two well-established indicators defining head injuries due to impact, which are known as Head Injury Criterion (HIC) and Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), are used in the present weight threshold study. The proposed AIS level for the weight threshold estimation has been set at AIS level 3, which indicates major skull fracture, in the further analysis through the probability of fatality. The main focus of the present work is to perform a parametric study and to present a reliable model to estimate the weight thresholds of the drone operations based on HIC and AIS. In conclusion, the results obtained and presented in this paper have demonstrated and provided a comprehensive analysis of possible direct injuries of a falling drone impacting a human head, with relevant data of impact or injury levels associated with HIC and AIS obtained for a drone with different weights falling from various heights.     

公路隧道环境影响评价中存在的问题与对策建议

公路隧道环境影响评价在预防和减缓隧道建设、运营对生态环境的影响上起着重要的作用.文章在对公路隧道环评实践过程中存在的现行法规难以完全满足环评需要、环评介入时间滞后以及其他一些环评技术问题进行分析讨论的基础上.提出了制定隧道环评专门法规、加强隧道环评监管和提高隧道环评人员素质的对策建议.     

城市轨道交通中个人导向方法研究

文章运用层次分析的方法来阐述个人导向功能的实现原理,提出了利用现阶段飞速发展的移动通信体技术,设计一种应用在城市轨道交通中具有个人导向功能的移动通信体,以改善城市轨道交通中个人导向功能薄弱的现状。     

改进不等时距GM模型在施工控制中的应用

刚构桥施工过程中应力变化复杂,影响因素多,较难预测把握应力发展趋势,实测应力缺失时,单一使用GM(1,1)模型预测精度低,对原始应力数据要求苛刻.文章改进了不等时距GM(1,1)模型,结合罗天乐特大桥工程进行验证,结果表明,改进不等时距GM(1,1)模型在刚构桥施工应力预测中具有较好的适用性和较高的预测精度.     

涂层与阴极保护下的管道外腐蚀研究与控制

长期以来 ,一直认为管道在涂层和阴极保护协同保护下不会产生外壁腐蚀或腐蚀轻微。应用第三代高精度智能清管检测器对榕山—佛荫长为 2 5 4km的管线进行检测 ,发现了 455处外壁腐蚀 ,研究结果表明 :管道建设时 ,涂层施工的质量较差 ;使用维护过程中涂层材料老化严重、失修 ;管线上阴极保护系统长期故障使管道欠保护 ;执行了有严重缺陷的行业标准 ,至今不知管线上监测到的保护电位距真实的极化电位的差距有多大 ;管线的阴极保护度数据难以采集到。针对上述问题提出了控制腐蚀的方法。     

Modeling delay at signalized intersections with channelized right‐turn lanes considering the impact of blockage

This paper presents a probabilistic delay model for signalized intersections with right‐turn channelization lanes considering the possibility of blockage. Right‐turn channelization is used to improve the capacity and to reduce delay at busy intersections with a lot of right‐turns. However, under heavy traffic conditions the through vehicles will likely block the channelization entrance that accrues delay to right‐turn vehicles. If the right‐turn channelization gets blocked frequently, its advantage in reducing the intersection delay is neglected and as a result the channelization lane becomes inefficient and redundant. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) neglects the blockage effect, which may be a reason for low efficiency during peak hours. More importantly, using HCM or other standard traffic control methods without considering the blockage effects would lead to underestimation of the delay. To overcome this issue, the authors proposed delay models by taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of vehicles arrival patterns at signalized intersections. The proposed delay model was validated through VISSIM, a microscopic simulation model. The results showed that the proposed model is very precise and accurately estimates the delay. In addition, it was found that the length of short‐lane section and proportion of right‐turn and through traffic significantly influence the approach delay. For operational purposes, the authors provided a step‐by‐step delay calculation process and presented approach delay estimates for different sets of traffic volumes, signal settings, and short‐lane section lengths. The delay estimates would be useful in evaluating adequacy of the current lengths, identifying the options of extending the short‐lane section length, or changing signal timing to reduce the likelihood of blockage. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.