中国铁路运输成本计算系统的研究

在中国铁路运输成本计算系统（ＣＲＣＳ）中，将铁路运输生产过程划分为发送、中转、运行和到达４个作业环节，并通过确定作业量以及对应的单位变动支出计算铁路运输成本。此外，对运输成本信息的运用以及计算机实现进行了讨论。     

The small-sized benthic biota of the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano (SW Barents Sea slope)

R/V POLARSTERN expedition ARK XVIII/1 in summer 2002 provided the opportunity to carry out a sampling programme to assess the activity, biomass and composition of the small-sized benthic biota (size range: bacteria to meiofauna) around the active mud-oozing and methane-seeping Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano (HMMV) on the SW Barents Sea slope, Northern North-Atlantic. A total of 11 stations, covering different areas (e.g., bacterial mat sites, and pogonophoran fields) within the crater, and sites outside the caldera were sampled using a multiple corer. Subsamples were analyzed for various biogenic compounds to estimate the flux of organic matter to the seafloor (sediment-bound chloroplastic pigments indicating phytodetritus), activities (bacterial exo-enzymatic turnover rates) and the total biomass [from bulk parameters, like phospholipid (PL) concentrations in the sediments] of the smallest sediment-inhabiting organisms (range: bacteria to meiofauna). Direct investigations of bacterial numbers and biomasses as well as on meiofauna densities and composition completed our investigations at HMMV. As expected for a comparable small deep-sea area with only minor disparity in water depth between sampling sites, our investigations revealed generally no significant differences in organic matter input from phytodetritus sedimentation between sampling sites inside and outside HMMV. Bacterial exo-enzymatic activities as well as total microbial biomass (TMB) and meiofauna densities, however, exhibited generally higher values at HMMV, compared to sites outside the mud volcano. Enhanced benthic life at HMMV is based on chemosynthetic processes, making the mud volcano a “chemosynthetic oasis” in an otherwise oligotrophic deep-sea environment. As we did not find any indication for bacterial symbioses in the meiofauna, comparably rich meiofaunal assemblages at HMMV are presumably indirectly related to a general enhanced biological production.     

Modeling household interactions in daily in-home and out-of-home maintenance activity participation

The activity travel patterns of individuals in a household are inter-related, and the realistic modeling of activity-travel behavior requires that these interdependencies be explicitly accommodated. This paper examines household interactions impacting weekday in-home and out-of-home maintenance activity generation in active, nuclear family, households. The in-home maintenance activity generation is modeled by examining the duration invested by the male and female household heads in household chores using a seemingly unrelated regression modeling system. The out-of-home maintenance activity generation is modeled in terms of the decision of the household to undertake shopping, allocation of the task to one or both household heads, and the duration of shopping for the person(s) allocated the responsibility. A joint mixed-logit hazard-duration model structure is developed and applied to the modeling of out-of-home maintenance activity generation. The results indicate that traditional gender roles continue to exist and, in particular, non-working women are more likely to share a large burden of the household maintenance tasks. The model for out-of-home maintenance activity generation indicates that joint activity participation in the case of shopping is motivated by resource (automobiles) constraints. Finally, women who have a higher propensity to shop are also found to be inherently more efficient shoppers.     

Trip Chain's Activity Type Recognition Based on Support Vector Machine

This paper focuses on support vector machine (SVM) based trip chain's activity type recognition. First, the time-series location information of person trip is processed to obtain the trip chain elements including moving processes and activities, and the activity options are extracted from the geographic information system (GIS) around the activity sites. Second, the activity features are drawn from spatio-temporal factors of trip chain to serve as the input feature vector of classifier. A SVM based one-to-one classifier is established and the method of one-to-one classifier voting is adopted to decide the most likely activity type from the activity options. Finally, the classifiers are trained with simulation data based on the Gaussian radial basis (RBF) kernel function and the multilayer perception (MLP) kernel function respectively, and then examined by cross validation. The result shows that in the one-to-one classifying scheme, the highest and lowest right recognition rate with RBF are 99% and 62%, and the corresponding results with MLP are 97% and 54%, respectively.     

一种体动换能器及其在频率自适应心脏起搏方面的应用

介绍一种利用压电效应原理，大致反映人体活动剧烈程度的体动换能器，分析了其本身性能和所测体动信号的特性。将它用于体动型频率自适应心脏起搏器的换能部分，获得了较好的实验结果。     

新型杂多化合物抗禽流感病毒的实验研究

目的探讨新型杂多化合物(PTW)抗禽流感病毒的作用。方法采用细胞病变法结合MTT法检测PTW对MDCK细胞的毒性和对禽流感病毒(H5N1)的抑制作用;以H5N1感染的小鼠为实验模型,检测PTW对H5N1感染小鼠的治疗作用。结果PTW对MDCK细胞的最大无毒质量浓度为190.55 mg/L,半数致死质量浓度为909.9 mg/L;体外实验结果表明PTW对禽流感病毒半数抑制质量浓度(IC50)为13.49 mg/L,治疗指数(TI)为67.44;体内实验显示PTW对H5N1感染小鼠有明显的治疗作用,25 mg/kg剂量组对H5N1感染小鼠的肺炎抑制率达166.16%,生命延长率为28.36%。结论PTW对H5N1禽流感病毒具有较好的抑制作用。     

物流企业应用作业成本法的模型与层面

按照作业成本法的基本原理,推导出物流企业实施作业成本法的具体流程,以及基于作业的以物流服务项目为成本对象的成本计算模型,再以实际案例说明其过程,并论述了作业成本法在支持物流企业的客户管理、定价决策、业务流程再造和成本控制等方面的作用.     

出行需求分析的新方法:活动模型的应用研究

结合我国交通规划实际情况,提出新型的基于活动的出行需求分析方法,通过大量的调查数据和严密的分析,研究了数据转换的过程及方法,用以分析活动与出行的关系,并以此作为活动模型与出行模型之间的桥梁。详细阐述了数据选择和整理方法、有效性检查规则;应用居民出行调查数据,分析活动及出行特征作为模拟的基础,并提出基于交叉分类的出行量预测方法;然后制定活动-出行行为的详细模拟流程,研究各特性变量的模拟方法;给出模型的验证及确认方法,并编写计算机程序实现模拟流程。该方法已应用于辽宁某市城市居民的活动与出行特征分析,验证结果显示该方法具有较强的实用性,为活动模型的研究提供了参考。     

电针联合扶正理气合剂对大鼠肝癌生长及转移的影响及相关机制

目的观察电针联合扶正理气合剂对大鼠肝癌生长及转移的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法雄性Wistar大鼠200只,随机分为5组。以二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)灌胃诱导大鼠肝癌模型,电针组造模同时给予电针足三里、关元、内关、三阴交、肝俞穴治疗,扶正理气合剂组给予扶正理气合剂灌胃,针药联合组则予上述电针和扶正理气合剂治疗,共16周。造模16周后处死大鼠取肝脏组织标本,肉眼及光镜下观察肿瘤生长和转移情况;免疫组化法测定肝组织NF-κB活性及微血管密度(MVD),RT-PCR法检测肝组织中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)mRNA及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)mRNA表达,放射免疫法测定肝组织活性氧(ROS)、抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、脂质过氧化产物(LPO)含量。结果与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠的肿瘤生长和转移参数、ROS、LPO含量、NF-κB活性、TGF-β1 mRNA、VEGF mRNA、MVD表达显著增加(P<0.01),而T-AOC、SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性明显下降(P<0.01);与模型组比较,各治疗组大鼠的肿瘤生长和转移参数、ROS、LPO含量、NF-κB活性、TGF-β1mRNA、VEGF mRNA及MVD表达显著下降,而T-AOC、SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性明显上升(P<0.01),联合治疗组上述指标优于其他治疗组(P<0.05)。NF-κB活性与TGF-β1mRNA及VEGF mRNA呈正相关关系(r1=0.554,P<0.05;r2=0.572,P<0.05)。结论电针和扶正理气合剂均能显著降低实验性肝癌大鼠的NF-κB活性、TGF-β1mRNA及VEGF mRNA及MVD表达,从而降低肿瘤生长和转移参数,这与其清除自由基有密切关系。     

历法在宋朝对外交往中的作用

历法在古代的政治活动中具有十分重要的意义，奉谁家正塑朋来就是表明政治态度的大是大非问题。处于多元交汇中的宋代，外交活动频仍，而历法在其中起了不容忽视的作用。本就历法在宋与辽、夏、金、南唐、大理、交趾等的交往中所起的作用作了探讨，分析了在不同层次的政治交往中历法所扮演的不同角色；颁赐历法，是实行统治的象征；改易历法，意味着政权之间关系的变化；历法之争，实质上是皇权地位的正统之争。