港湾式公交停靠站设置条件研究

针对城市道路中公交进出直线式与港湾式停靠站对外侧车道通行能力产生影响的问题,运用排队论与间隙接受理论相关成果,分别建立了直线式、港湾式排队无溢出及港湾式排队有溢出3种情况下公交进出停靠站对外侧车道的影响时间模型;在此基础上以公交出站延误及站点服务强度作为约束条件,推导出外侧车道通行能力计算模型,并给出设置条件;对仿真模拟试验结果与模型计算结果进行对比,并对模型适用性进行了检验,给出了不同公交到达率下3种模式设置港湾式公交停靠站的通行能力范围值。结果表明:该模型具有较高的精度和可靠性,能够为城市道路设计提供必要的参考依据。     

小样本下基于迁移学习与LSTM的雾天高速公路车辆跟驰模型

由于在现实生活中能够采集到的不同雾天等级的高速公路车辆跟驰样本有限,导致雾天跟驰模型精度不佳,为此在长短时记忆神经网络（long short-term memory,LSTM）跟驰模型的基础上,采用迁移学习（transfer learning,TL）方法来提升雾天跟驰模型的性能。利用驾驶模拟实验平台搭建高速公路雾天与正常天气2种实验场景进行驾驶模拟实验,获得296组正常天气下（源域）的跟驰样本与100组雾天下（目标域）的跟驰样本。提出了基于最长公共子序列（longest common sequence solution,LCSS）的迁移样本选择方法,从源域中选出100个样本迁移至目标域中,通过扩大训练样本提升LSTM从源域、目标域特征到目标域输出的端对端泛化学习能力,得到雾天高速公路车辆跟驰模型。为对比所提样本迁移方法对LSTM模型的效用,将LSTM-TL模型与训练样本全部来源于源域的LSTM-S模型和训练样本全部来源于目标域的LSTM-T模型进行对比,LSTM-TL模型的均方误差、均方根误差和平均绝对误差比LSTM-S模型分别减小47.5%、27.7%和46.5%,比LSTM-T模型减小31.1%、17.0%和29.9%。为对比不同模型在仅有100组目标域样本时的性能,将LSTM-TL模型与Gipps、IDM、BP这3个模型进行对比,LSTM-TL模型的均方误差、均方根误差和平均绝对误差比3个模型中表现最优的Gipps模型减小18.5%、8.0%和25.9%。结果表明：直接将LSTM-S模型应用于目标域的预测,其精度不高,采用样本迁移合理可行;LCSS方法对源域样本筛选有效,由100个源域样本迁移到目标域训练得到的LSTM-TL模型的精度最高;在小样本情况下,拥有较少参数的Gipps模型预测精度优于LSTM-T或LSTM-S模型,但由于迁移学习能够从源域样本中获取知识的特性,LSTM-TL模型有着最高的精度。     

汽车服务工程专业后市场技术领域“4341”人才定位

在企业和高校调研基础上,为实现人才培养与行业及社会发展需求相适应的目标,将我校汽车服务工程专业人才培养定位与汽车生产企业售后服务岗位对接,文章根据汽车服务人才金字塔式结构特点,初步确立了汽车后市场技术领域的高级应用型人才定位,并以"基础较厚、宽专适度、注重应用、强化能力"的培养思路,结合国内高校专业建设特色,强化"懂技术、会经营、善服务"核心竞争力培养,不断优化总结确定了适合我校发展的汽车服务工程"4341"人才培养定位,人才培养效果明显。     

Time-variant bulk carrier reliability analysis in pure bending intact and damage conditions

Time-variant reliability analysis of a corroded bulk carrier in intact and damage conditions is performed by First-Order (FORM), Second-Order (SORM) Reliability Methods and Importance Sampling simulation. Annual failure probabilities are determined up to 25-year ship lifetime, accounting for time-variant corrosion wastage of structural members contributing to hull girder strength. Statistical properties of hull girder capacity are determined by Monte Carlo simulation, applying three correlation models among corrosion wastages of structural members contributing to hull girder strength, namely no correlation, full correlation and full correlation among wastages of structural members belonging to the same category of compartments. A modified incremental-iterative method is applied, to account for instantaneous neutral axis rotation, in case of asymmetrical damage conditions, as for collision and grounding events. Incidence of intact/damage condition, as well as correlation among corrosion wastages, on annual sagging/hogging time-variant failure probability is investigated and discussed. Time-variant sensitivity analyses for intact and damage conditions are also performed, to investigate the incidence of random variables' uncertainties on the attained failure probability. Finally, the bulk carrier section scheme, benchmarked in the last ISSC Report, is applied as test case.     

隧道工程建设地质预报及信息化技术的主要进展及发展方向

复杂的不良地质条件是制约隧道安全高效建设的主要因素,要实现隧道工程的安全高效建设,首先要提高地质预测预报技术水平及其信息化程度。1)介绍我国复杂不良地质隧道超前预报的方法进展及其应用,包括突水突泥灾害源超前探测方法与设备、断层破碎带超前预报、城市地铁溶洞和孤石等探测的进展及应用等;2)介绍我国隧道岩爆监测预警方法及其应用,预报清楚之后就要加强安全风险过程监控;3)介绍基于BIM技术的建筑物(隧道工程)安全风险监控最新进展,包括安全风险实时感知系统和实时预警系统;4)指出隧道工程建设信息化技术的发展方向,包括开展基于大数据技术的TBM/盾构施工的分析与控制研究以及数字隧道向智慧隧道(建设和运营维护)的发展。     

高黎贡山隧道复杂地质条件下敞开式TBM施工关键技术研究

高黎贡山隧道地质条件极其复杂,可总结为"三高四活跃"。其中,高地热、高地应力、多断层破碎带、高压突涌水是制约TBM施工质量和安全的主要地质因素,将给TBM施工带来不可预估的风险。为了减少以上地质问题带来的TBM施工风险,通过资料查阅、调研国内外现有的TBM施工案例、专家咨询研讨、设计高适应性的TBM,并结合工程目前的施工状况,提出了TBM超前地质预报、钢筋排和钢拱架联合喷射混凝土及时支护、合理调整掘进参数等一系列确保TBM连续施工的方案与措施。研究结果可为即将进场施工的TBM提供理论参考。     

立交线形动态拖动设计的关键技术

对立交线形动态拖动设计的几个关键技术进行论述.分析了缓和曲线计算精度,提出了动态拖动模式设计模型,以及约束满足条件下的非线性方程组的数值解算法.     

惯性摩擦制动对铜基粒子材料摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了多组元的铜基摩擦材料,利用GF150D型摩擦试验机,分别在不同的摩擦方式和不同的摩擦条件下,探讨了材料的摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:惯性摩擦条件下,随着摩擦压力提高,磨损量增加,摩擦系数降低.且在其他摩擦条件相同时惯性摩擦条件下的摩擦系数低于定速.惯性试验湿摩擦的摩擦系数比干摩擦的摩擦系数有显著提高,摩擦顺序为高速到低速时的摩擦系数的稳定性都高于摩擦顺序为低速到高速.     

基于模糊聚类与灰色关联的舰船装备技术状态评估方法

针对舰船装备维修管理中的技术状态评估需求,给出等效装备概念,构建基于模糊聚类分析的等效装备模型,并结合灰色关联评估理论,提出一种基于模糊聚类与灰色关联的舰船装备技术状态评估新方法,细化了相应的算法流程及实施步骤,从而解决舰船装备维修前后技术状态的分类与辨识问题。大量实例应用分析表明:该方法具备较好的实用性,在实际舰船装备维修工程及其信息管理系统中具有很好的推广应用前景。     

Variational principles in water-wave problems (wave radiation conditions and their variational treatment)

To discuss water-wave problems in unlimited waters, it is important to know what type of wave radiation condition should be placed on a virtual surface corresponding to infinity. For this kind of problem, the Sommerfeld radiation condition is well known. In this article, the condition is extended to treat a case with an incident wave. Furthermore, a more general wave radiation condition is introduced from a different point of view. The above-mentioned wave radiation conditions are introduced into the variational principles of the Kelvin, Hellinnger–Reissner, and Dirichlet type. The Dirichlet-type variational principles are then used in numerical calculations for bending waves in a bar, and the effectiveness of the wave radiation conditions and the variational principles is shown. The numerical results for one-dimensional water-wave problems are then given. As expected, the region required for the numerical solution is reduced drastically compared with that required by the Sommerfeld-type formulation. Furthermore, the amplitude of the diverging wave is obtained in the process of reaching the variational solution. Finally, two-dimensional water-wave problems are briefly discussed. Received: August 9, 2001 / Accepted: September 17, 2001