活性粉末混凝土桥梁的疲劳可靠性验算

对活性粉末混凝土疲劳试验实测资料进行分析,提出铁路活性粉末混凝土桥梁疲劳验算中混凝土相关疲劳可靠性设计参数取值。编制程序计算多种跨度简支梁在客运专线疲劳列车作用下标准荷载效应比频谱,给出不同跨度简支梁中活性粉末混凝土等效重复应力换算系数。对32m预应力活性粉末混凝土桥梁承载能力极限状态可靠指标进行分析,给出建议的活性粉末混凝土桥梁疲劳设计目标可靠指标和设计验算表达式。     

大跨度铁路桥梁梁端伸缩装置对列车走行性影响的研究

梁端伸缩装置是大跨度桥梁的重要组成部分,是容易受损的构件之一,对高速车辆的走行性影响较大。本文针对大跨度铁路桥梁梁端伸缩装置,建立结构动力分析的有限元模型,通过多工况车-桥(线)耦合振动计算,分析梁端伸缩装置自身变形、安装误差及梁端折角等因素对列车走行性的影响,提出车辆平稳性和乘客对车辆振动感觉的评判标准,并进一步基于车辆的平稳性和乘客对车辆振动的感觉确定车速及梁端竖向折角限值。研究表明,车辆响应对梁端竖向折角较为敏感。     

槽型轨及普通钢轨对独立轮对轻轨车辆轮轨动力特性的影响

通过建立车辆-轨道动力学模型,对槽型轨及普通钢轨条件下,车辆曲线通过时的轮轨动力响应进行了仿真计算及对比分析.对比分析表明虽然Ri60轨条件下的轮轨横向力及脱轨系数较大,但由于其断面类型决定了其具有护轨功能,对于确保车辆安全有利;Ri60轨与CHN50轨条件下的轮轨磨耗基本相当,但槽型轨有利于轨道做铺面或绿化,因此对于敷设方式以地面为主的轻轨系统,采用槽型轨较为合理.     

轨道交通基坑工程变形监测控制指标

通过全国各地城市轨道交通基坑工程实测案例分析,研究基坑围护桩（墙）和周边地表的变形特点和监控要求。对不同监测项目的实测结果进行数理统计分析,结合相关研究成果和技术规范要求,分场地土类型给出变形监测控制指标的建议数值,以合理评价基坑工程的安全状态。基坑工程变形监测控制指标的影响因素众多,工程实际应继续深入开展相关研究,以提高基坑工程的安全风险管控水平。     

宁夏地区沥青路面养护专家系统的开发

传统的项目层次的沥青路面养护决策方法是依靠养护工程师在现场进行评价决策,这种传统的决策方法虽然准确有效,但也存在效率低、决策有差异性、区域性养护标准不统一等问题。本研究通过对宁夏地区普通公路养护专家知识和经验的提取,建立了一套基于路面管理系统(CPMS)数据库和专家知识的沥青路面养护专家系统,它能够解决基层公路管理部门所面临的养护决策问题,是对CPMS网级系统的补充和对CPMS技术的完善。     

鼓式制动器摩擦副压强不均匀性分析与评价

定义了鼓式制动器摩擦片压强的两种不均匀度指数，推导了现有的不同机构型式的鼓式制动器的摩擦副压强不均匀度指数的计算公式，并分析了其变化特性。以这两种压强不均匀度指数作为新的评价指标，对各种型式的鼓式制动器进行了评价，揭示了一些型式的鼓式制动器所固有的缺点。提出了改进传统鼓式制动器的技术方向和途径。     

公路交通可持续发展评价指标及评价方法研究

根据公路交通可持续发展评价的内容和特点,从公路交通可持续发展水平、发展能力、发展协调性3个方面建立了评价指标体系;提出了指标属性值和无量纲化的计算方法;应用模糊识别原理,结合AHP权重确定方法,依据公路交通可持续发展目标(级别划分)的实现程度,提出公路交通可持续发展的多级模糊识别综合评价模型;其评价方法和模型,反映了公路交通可持续发展的内涵,对区域公路交通可持续发展评价有借鉴作用。最后,进行了实证研究。     

计算机仿真研究平整度指标与路面状态的定量关系

参照平整度测量仪的结构及原理,用MATLAB科学计算语言对平整度的测量过程进行了模拟仿真,分析平整度指标与路面状态参数之间的定量关系,并阐述了此项研究对提出新的摊铺机自动找平系统的控制方式,提高路面平整度具有的实际意义与可行性.     

Urban walkability considering pedestrians’ perceptions of the built environment: a 10-year review and a case study in a medium-sized city in Latin America

ABSTRACT

Numerous methodologies measuring walkability have been developed over the last years. This paper reviews the Walkability Index (WI) literature of the last decade (2009–2018) and highlights some limitations in the current approaches. Only a few studies have evaluated walkability in Latin America, mainly in big cities but not in medium and small-sized cities in the region, which present their own urbanisation dynamics, security issues, sidewalk invasion problems, and poor planning. Furthermore, most WIs in the literature use objective mesoscale variables to assess walkability in a given area. This paper contributes to filling these gaps by generating new evidence from a medium-sized city in Latin America to question if characteristics of the built environment encourage walking trips, as found in the literature, are transferable among regions. The study also proposes a novel index comprised of microscale and mesoscale built environment variables to assess walkability using virtual tools and considering users’ perceptions. The WI estimation relies on ranking probability models. The results of the case study suggest that subjective Security and Traffic Safety are the most crucial factors influencing walkability in these kind of cities, which is different from what is found in the literature from cities in developed countries where Sidewalk Condition and Attractiveness are the most important factors. Security appeared to be strongly associated with a subjective dimension, represented by the fear of crime or perceived risk for crime, instead of the actual occurrence of crimes. This result evidences the importance of the physical attributes of the real world and how they are captured, judged, and processed by pedestrians. Then, regional transferability of WIs needs to be done carefully. Finally, results in this paper highlight the importance of microscale built environment characteristics in the WI formulation in these cities. Results are in line with other research in some cities of the region, which found that microscale variables such as pavement quality and presence of obstacles on the sidewalks are relevant components to promote walkability.     

Vehicle lift-off modelling and a new rollover detection criterion

The modelling and development of a general criterion for the prediction of rollover threshold is the main purpose of this work. Vehicle dynamics models after the wheels lift-off and when the vehicle moves on the two wheels are derived and the governing equations are used to develop the rollover threshold. These models include the properties of the suspension and steering systems. In order to study the stability of motion, the steady-state solutions of the equations of motion are carried out. Based on the stability analyses, a new relation is obtained for the rollover threshold in terms of measurable response parameters. The presented criterion predicts the best time for the prevention of the vehicle rollover by applying a correcting moment. It is shown that the introduced threshold of vehicle rollover is a proper state of vehicle motion that is best for stabilising the vehicle with a low energy requirement.