Observing individual dynamic choices of activity chains from location-based crowdsourced data

The existing efforts on studying human mobility and activity using location-based crowdsourced data mainly focus on obtaining the activity chain pattern in a region at an aggregate level. To observe individual dynamic choices of activity chains, this paper presents a data-driven approach to estimating individual-specific activity chain set and corresponding choice probabilities for a given person over a 24-h period using crowdsourced data from location-based service apps. We detect an individual-specific stochastic activity set using a contextual-parcel data analysis. Based on the time geography theory, we refine a space-time bicone concept to construct an activity-travel space-time-state network from the stochastic activity set. These space-time bicone constraints define a set of potential activity choices to reduce the search space of activity location and duration choices. We construct an activity state transition graph from the space-time-state network and calculate a Markov matrix for activity choice probabilities. Furthermore, we calculate the probabilities of activity chain choices using the Markov matrix. We also visualize individual-specific activity chain set in a space-time-state network to show the dynamic choices of individual daily mobility and activity. We demonstrate the proposed approach through conducting numerical analyses using crowdsourced data from location-based service apps - Foursquare and Twitter to construct individual-specific activity choice sets and corresponding choice probabilities.     

沥青路面加铺沥青混凝土设计方法研究

国内高速公路沥青路面加铺层设计中大多仍采用与新建沥青路面相同的设计理论,鉴于此,对国内外沥青路面加铺层设计方法进行对比分析,从而提出合理的设计方法及相应的控制指标。     

KZ4A型机车车轮强度计算和轮对模态分析

采用有限元软件对KZ4A型交流传动电力机车的车轮静强度和疲劳强度进行计算,计算结果表明车轮强度满足要求。同时对轮对的模态进行了分析,得到了轮对的固有振动特性。     

Appraising large-scale investments in a metropolitan transportation system

A package of large-scale investments in the transportation infrastructure in the Stockholm metropolitan region is currently being proposed. It contains new investments in the railway and subway systems as well as new links in the road system. This paper deals with the issue of appraising this kind of investment program. One major problem is the lack of a unique standard method, and it is argued that several tools should be used in a practical evaluation of large-scale investments in the transportation system.Four different approaches are presented and related to each other. First, one study uses a network-based mode-split/assignment model with a fixed trip matrix. The second study is complementary, as its aim is to also trace the impacts on the spatial distribution of population and jobs by applying an integrated transportation and land use model. Third, the long-run effects of the investments on regional economic growth are discussed within the framework of regional production functions. Fourth, an alternative approach is used, in which benefits from the investments are assessed through their estimated influence on aggregate land values.Abbreviations RA Reference Alternative - IP Investment Proposal - IMREL Integrated Model of Residential and Employment Location - RPFM Regional Production Function Model An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 31th European Congress of the Regional Science Association, Lisbon, August 1991.     

东秦岭隧道平导快速施工机械设备配套模式

本文介绍了东秦岭隧道平导快速施工所采用的机械配套模式及其取得的良好效果 ,对长大隧道机械配套模式进行探讨 ,为类似工程提供经验和借鉴。     

彩色多普勒血流显像对滋养细胞疾病的研究

运用彩色多普勒血流显像技术观察到滋养细胞肿瘤的子宫肌壁上有五彩缤纷的丰富血流及血窦，其脉冲多普勒频谱为低阻力血流。这种改变与血中ｈＣＧ定量测定完全一致。部分病例进行盆腔子宫造影，手术病理切片对照，结果一致。提示彩色多普勒血流显像检测对滋养细胞肿瘤早期诊断、观察化疗效果、疾病转归有重要意义。     

不同冲击角度对两轮车骑行者保护试验区域伤害的研究

对交通事故数据的研究表明,两轮车骑行人也面临很高的受伤风险,各新车评价规程也开始对骑行人保护做出要求。根据中国保险汽车安全指数2023版规程的变化,通过选取符合要求的部分车型开展对比试验,分析在不同撞击角度下的头型伤害差异。试验结果表明,在撞击角度为45°时的伤害值大于撞击角度65°时的伤害值。     

Appraisal of investments in European nodal centres for goods – freight villages: A comparative analysis

The paper presents and analyses appraisal methods used for the assessment of potential investments in Nodal Centers for Goods (also called Freight Villages), which constitute an essential element of the Trans-European Network for Intermodal Transport. A methodological procedure is applied to identify the underlying factors that influence the choice of an appraisal method, without assessing or comparing the appraisal methods themselves. Following this procedure, issues addressed by the methods are grouped into three broad dimensions and with the use of non-parametric statistical tests, existing relationships are identified between nodal centres' characteristics, the appraisal methods, as well as the actors involved in the decision process. On applying the above procedure to European Nodal Centres for goods, it is found that the choice of appraisal method and the decision criteria for the investment are linked primarily to the nodal centre's size, catchment area, and the support or absence of political approval for the investment. The results of the analysis can be particularly useful at the policy making level, serving as non-formal "qualitative guidelines" to identify the appraisal method to be applied, as well as the options and impacts to be considered. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

不同运行方式对高速地铁气动效应的影响

为了研究时速140km/h高速地铁列车以不同运行方式在隧道中运行时的气动效应,采用三维、可压、非定常N-S方程的数值计算方法,对地铁列车由明线驶入隧道及站间运行时产生的气动效应进行数值模拟,分析不同运行方式对高速地铁隧道气动效应的影响。研究结果表明:列车站间运行时,车体表面测点压力峰峰值沿车长方向基本不变;而列车由明线驶入隧道时,车体表面测点压力峰峰值从头车向尾车逐渐降低。2种运行方式下的隧道壁面测点压力峰峰值均在中间风井处达到最小值。并且列车由明线驶入隧道时的最大车体表面和隧道壁面压力峰峰值分别为列车站间运行时的1.37倍与1.49倍。不同列车密封指数下,列车由明线驶入隧道时的车内压力变化均大于列车站间运行时的车内压力变化。因此,地铁列车由明线驶入隧道时的空气动力学效应比站间运行时更加不利。     

干湿循环作用下膨胀岩的崩解特性及分形特征

对湖南株洲地区不同初始粒径的膨胀岩样进行室内浸水崩解试验,在干湿循环作用下对其崩解物的粒径分布规律、耐崩解性特征与分形特征进行研究。基于岩石破碎分形理论,推导了考虑不同初始粒径与不同循环次数的膨胀岩崩解分形维数计算公式。试验结果表明:初始粒径的大小对膨胀岩的崩解特性及分形特征存在较大的影响。在粒径较大的粒组中,初始粒径越大,该粒组的百分含量越大,且几乎不随循环次数的增加而发生变化;在粒径较小的粒组中,初始粒径越大,该粒组的百分含量越大,但随循环次数的增加先增加后减小。随着循环次数的增加,耐崩解性指数逐渐减小;初始粒径越大,耐崩解性指数越小。计算结果表明:随着循环次数的增加,分形维数逐渐增大;初始粒径越大,分形维数越大。其结论可为膨胀岩工程提供参考。