平行流交叉口信号控制策略及效益分析

为解决平行流交叉口左转多次停车问题，实现同一相位放行左转、直行和右转车流的同时，所有流向车辆最多停车一次，对平行流交叉口进行设计，提出两种设计方案，对比已有方案，选择左转右置的平行流交叉口作为研究对象，探讨其优劣. 根据车流运行特征，以车辆不存在二次停车，车车不冲突作为约束条件，建立优化模型，并进行效益分析. 结果显示，与传统经典十字交叉口控制相比，平行流交叉口使通行能力提升60%以上，车均延误下降约 70%. 本文提出的控制策略，在不牺牲车辆权益的情况下，能消除左转和直行冲突，提升交叉口通行能力，为平行流交叉口研究提供一个新的视角.     

平行流交叉口行人过街控制策略研究

为解决平行流交叉口行人与机动车冲突问题，考虑行人与机动车在冲突点为寻找间隙穿越的交替穿插的抢行博弈过程，重新设计行人过街信号相位方案，提出人车搭接相位行人过街模式；考虑行人专用相位过街模式，给出两种行人过街模式的信号控制策略；构建优化模型，并对模型等价变换，降低计算复杂度.结果显示：常规交叉口处于高饱和状态时，两种行人过街模式下平行流交叉口分别降低了73.8%、50.3%的车均延误，故人车搭接相位过街模式效益更优；人车搭接相位过街模式与不考虑行人过街模式相比，交叉口车均延误仅增加 0.6~3.8 s⋅ pcu-1 .研究成果可为平行流交叉口行人信号配时提供理论依据.     

Optimal vehicle speed trajectory on a signalized arterial with consideration of queue

Vehicle speed trajectory significantly impacts fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, especially for trips on signalized arterials. Although a large amount of research has been conducted aiming at providing optimal speed advisory to drivers, impacts from queues at intersections are not considered. Ignoring the constraints induced by queues could result in suboptimal or infeasible solutions. In this study, a multi-stage optimal control formulation is proposed to obtain the optimal vehicle trajectory on signalized arterials, where both vehicle queue and traffic light status are considered. To facilitate the real-time update of the optimal speed trajectory, a constrained optimization model is proposed as an approximation approach, which can be solved much quicker. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed optimal control model and the solution efficiency of the proposed approach.     

Estimating arterial link speed using conventional road detectors

Abstract

In response to an initiative to develop an advanced traffic information system in Bangkok, this paper explores practical guidelines for the optimal location of road sensors, such that the data collected on spot speeds reflect an entire link's average speed. In particular, the authors use microsimulation software to investigate optimal detector locations, using the sum of squared errors and root mean squared errors. The analysis hypothesizes that road segments are 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 km in length and are specially designed to replicate typical arterial streets in Bangkok. The results show that a single detector location can produce good estimates of link speed only for segments that are shorter than 1.0 km. For distances of 1.0 km or more, the results suggest that two detectors be used for good link speed estimates under all traffic conditions.     

原位肝移植对胃黏膜pH的影响

目的　探讨非转流原位肝移植术对胃黏膜pH(gastricintraumucosalpH ,pHi)的影响。 方法　选择 2 0例行非转流原位肝移植术的患者 ,采用胃管法 ,分别于入室、无肝期前 2 0min、无肝期 30min、新肝期 30min、术后 2、2 4h抽取胃液 3～ 5mL ,分析胃液的PCO2 ,同时在以上各时点监测动脉血PaCO2 、PaO2 、pH、HCO3 -和BE ,并代入Henderson Hasselbach公式计算pHi。结果　pHi在无肝期 30min、新肝期 30min均显著低于术前水平 (P <0 .0 1) ,且新肝期 30minpHi为最低点。术后 2h虽较术前有所回升 ,但仍有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　肝移植阻断下腔静脉后胃黏膜有明显的缺血低灌注现象。随着阻断时间延长 ,胃黏膜低灌注、酸中毒的症状加重。提示术前选用抗酸药物治疗 ,术中减少血流动力学的波动、尽量缩短无肝期的时间对提高pHi、保护胃黏膜、减少术后并发症、改善预后有一定的临床意义。     

绕越干线公路网规划方案适应性评价体系研究

根据适应性的内涵,提出了绕越干线公路网适应性的目标,以此为基础构建出绕越干线公路网规划方案适应性评价指标体系,并运用多层次-灰色关联度评价方法进行规划方案综合评价,最终建立了绕越干线公路网适应性评价体系。     

动脉僵硬指数对冠心病的预测

目的探讨动脉僵硬指数(arterial stiffness index,ASI)对冠心病的预测价值。方法采用四川宇峰科技发展有限公司生产的血管硬度测量仪测量40例冠心病患者(冠心病组)与40例健康人的ASI。冠心病组根据冠状动脉造影的结果分为三个亚组:1支血管病变组(n=14)、2支血管病变组(n=16)及3支血管病变组(n=10),分析血管病变支数与ASI的关系。结果冠心病组与对照组的ASI值分别为124.4±22.9、88.2±15.9,冠心病组的ASI值较对照组明显增大,差异具有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01)。1支血管病变组、2支血管病变组及3支血管病变组的ASI值分别为107.2±9.1、121.4±12.6、153.3±22.0,随着冠状动脉病变支数增加,ASI值也相应增加,三亚组之间ASI值比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ASI可以作为冠心病的一个新的预测指标。     

Modeling arterial travel time distribution by accounting for link correlations: a copula-based approach

The estimation of urban arterial travel time distribution (TTD) is critical to help implement Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) and provide travelers with timely and reliable route guidance. The state-of-practice procedure for arterial TTD estimation commonly assumes that the path travel time follows a certain distribution without considering link correlations. However, this approach appears inappropriate since travel times on successive links are essentially dependent along signalized arterials. In this study, a copula-based approach is proposed to model arterial TTD by accounting for spatial link correlations. First, TTDs on consecutive links along one arterial in Hangzhou, China are investigated. Link TTDs are estimated through the nonparametric kernel smoothing method. Link correlations are analyzed in both unfavorable and favorable coordination cases. Then, Gaussian copula models are introduced to model the dependent structure between link TTDs. The parameters of Gaussian copula are obtained by Maximum-Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Next, path TTDs covering consecutive links are estimated based on the estimated copula models. The results demonstrate the advantage of the proposed copula-based approach, compared with the convolution without capturing link correlations and the empirical distribution fitting methods in both unfavorable and favorable coordination cases.     

基于Synchro-VISSIM的干线协调控制优化研究

合理的配时和信号协调控制方案是提高道路通行效率和缓解交通拥挤的主要手段之一。结合交通组织优化改善措施,应用Synchro软件对泉州市津淮街的三个毗邻交叉口进行信号配时协调优化,并通过VISSIM仿真结果比较优化前后的干道信号协调控制的运行效果。结果表明：经过交通组织优化改善和信号配时优化后,自西向东方向,案例中3个交叉口的延误分别降低了51．9％、31．8％和65．5％,路段延误降低了27．9％,路段行程时间降低了21．7％。同时,各交叉口的平均排队长度也分别降低了61．6％、19．3％和19．2％,改善效果非常显著。     

中小城市干线公路网规划理论方法研究

在研究干线公路网对城市作用机理的基础上,通过分析影响干线公路网布局的主要因素,借鉴传统公路网和城市路网规划的理论,提出了基于城市空间布局分析的中小城市干线公路网规划方法,最后将研究成果应用于沙县城市干线公路网规划实践,验证了该方法的可行性。