考虑临时和预约需求的共享泊位动态分配方法

为解决多居住区共享停车场同时存在临时共享停车需求和提前预约共享停车需求的动态泊位分配问题，本文提出将未来几个时段的共享停车供需同时考虑到当前时段泊位分配中的单时段泊位分配方法，并将本时段泊位匹配结果延伸到后续时段，从而提出共享泊位动态分配流程。对临时停车需求，以用户成本最小为目标确立优先泊位匹配的原则；对预约停车需求，以系统收益最大为目标确立在当前时段结束时统一分配泊位的原则。定义4个指标评价模型效果。 选择来源于成都市某共享停车APP的3个居住小区一天的数据，对模型进行实证研究以及灵敏度分析。研究结果表明：临时共享停车需求和提前预约共享停车需求所占比例在0.4~0.6时，泊位分配后总目标表现最好；将未来几个时段的供需同时考虑到当前时段中，泊位分配效果更好，且考虑的未来时段越多，泊位分配后总目标越好；在泊位分配时，为了较好地保证临时停车需求能够优先分配到泊位，往往会造成总目标变差。     

Community Participation in Marine Protected Area Implementation: A Case Study of the Sitka Local Area Management Plan

This article has two goals: (1) to consider the underlying semantic confusion surrounding the promotion of “social science” in the design and establishment of marine protected areas and (2) to demonstrate the successful community processes that led to the designation of Sitka, Alaska's Local Area Management Plan (LAMP) for halibut fishing in the vicinity of Sitka. Uniting a collection of diverse “social” issues creates ambiguity in actual problem solving—extensive generalization can not resolve a specific issue. The Sitka LAMP is a specific case with clear details and a traceable history of success, designed to sustain the healthy status of Sitka's local halibut resource. The development of the Sitka LAMP designation demonstrates the importance of community collaboration and exhibits methods that could potentially be modeled in other locations.     

城市轨道交通车站客流吸引范围重叠区域划分模型

现有城市轨道交通车站客流吸引范围划分方法大多未考虑相邻车站间的重叠区域,导致车站客流预测值偏大。为了提高车站客流预测的准确性,考虑中间站、首末站、换乘站,针对不同相邻车站类型提出客流分配量计算公式。基于此构建轨道交通车站客流吸引范围重叠区域划分模型,并采用日本东京都城市轨道交通车站的相关数据标定模型参数。最后,以上海市轨道交通11号线安亭站及相邻的兆丰路站和汽车城站为例进行模型验证,结果显示精确度为78.6%。指出产生误差的原因可能在于上海市与东京都的差异以及交通小区数量过少。     

基于元胞自动机的人员疏散微观仿真

突发事件中的人员疏散是一个涉及到人员心理因素和生理因素以及环境因素的复杂变化过程,存在着人员之间、人与环境之间的相互作用,这种相互作用可以用力的形式来表现,例如出口对人员的吸引力和人员疏散过程中为避免冲突而出现的排斥力。在此情况下,基于元胞自动机模型的建模思想,在明确考虑动态、静态吸引力的前提下,通过微观的元胞之间的相互作用,产生全局的人群宏观特征,在此基础上建立一种人员疏散微观离散模型。     

夏热冬冷地区重交通钢桥面铺装技术应用

夏热冬冷地区重交通钢桥面铺装对钢板防护、混合料高温稳定性和低温抗裂性要求较高,同时需兼顾沥青混合料的耐久性和施工和易性。通过对全国典型钢桥面铺装的调研和分析,判断沙尔沁互通立交钢桥面浇注式沥青混凝土铺装设计的合理性,通过关键施工控制措施,使该种铺装结构在沙尔沁互通立交顺利实施。     

Two-MPA Model for Siting a Marine Protected Area: Bahamian Case

This article recommends the parallel but separate modeling of nature-based and people-based marine protected areas (MPA) before the design and siting stages of establishing an MPA. Separate but simultaneous modeling of ideal nature and people MPAs permits each to be maximized for its own variables and subsequently compared to identify conflicts and agreements. The case that supports this recommendation is in the Commonwealth of the Bahamas, where the study conducted 572 interviews with people from six traditional settlements in the central Exumas Islands and Cays. The research is focused on why members of these settlements differentially responded to three nearby national MPA proposals.     

Performance Indicator Importance in MPA Management Using a Multi-Criteria Approach

Much has been written about the usefulness of marine protected areas (MPAs) as a management tool. Their performance has been measured using biological and ecological indicators. However, objectives of management also include economic and social responsibilities. As such, stakeholder objectives in MPA management are frequently incompatible. This has been attributed to the variety of stakeholders with an interest in how MPAs are managed. This article considers the development of a performance indicator hierarchy for the Egadi Islands Marine Reserve, and a multi-criteria approach implemented to define compromise positions between stakeholders in decision-making. Data was obtained from a pairwise comparison survey using the analytic hierarchy process to investigate preferences of stakeholder groups for performance indicators in evaluating marine protected area management. The analysis showed that although there are five key stakeholder groups, none are homogenous in prioritizing performance indicators and that none are clear with respect to what the MPA means for them.     

Mesozooplankton species distribution in the NW and N Iberian shelf during spring 2004: Relationship with frontal structures

We have analysed the mesozooplankton community structure in the southern Bay of Biscay shelf and its relationship with the hydrographic conditions during spring 2004. According to thermohaline characteristics, we observed two frontal zones of distinct origin along the shelf (around 7° and 3°W), that allowed us to differentiate three different hydrographic domains. The westernmost part of the shelf (WC), defined by the presence of relatively warm and salty water related to the presence of the Iberian Poleward Current (IPC), the easternmost region (EC), characterized by colder and fresher water and subject to the influence of freshwater inputs from the Adour river in the French coast, and a region in the Central Cantabrian Sea (CC), where thermohaline characteristics were intermediate between these two extremes. The mixing layer depth (MLD) regime in these areas was also different: the WC region was characterized by a mixed water column, whereas in the EC region the river discharges produces stratification of the upper meters of the water column (< 10 m); in the CC region, we found a distinct vertical mixing regime that separated coastal (stratification) from shelf (mixed water column) stations, giving rise to a notorious across-shelf front. We found a good match between the aforesaid hydrographic regions and the distribution of mesozooplankton species composition and community assemblages: the Mantel correlation between physical variables and mesozooplankton distribution was highly significant (n = 63, r = 0.70, α < 0.001). In the WC region, the community was dominated by Paracalanus parvus, Oithona helgolandica, Acartia clausi and Clausocalanus pergens, while in the EC region the most dominant species were Noctiluca scintillans, Oncaea media and Temora longicornis. The CC region showed similar composition of copepods than the WC region, but larvaceans (Oikopleura spp. and Fritillaria spp.) were more abundant in the CC region than in the WC region. Within each zone, the relative abundances of the dominant species differed between coastal and shelf locations.     

Understanding How Policy Actors Improvise and Collaborate in the Great Barrier Reef

Complex policy frameworks guide the management of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) at multiple decision-making levels. Mounting pressure on its outstanding universal value suggests that further improvements in governance are required. There has been little examination of the role of policy actors in addressing complex governance challenges in large scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs) involving multi-layered governance conflicts across diverse contexts. Framed by street level bureaucracy, pragmatic planning theory, and lessons from MPA governance, this paper examines how policy actors improvised and collaborated to advance outcomes in the GBR LSMPA. We assessed practice-focused oral histories with experienced policy actors who negotiated agreements and achieved policy outcomes in the GBR between 1985 and 2016. These policy actors were skilled improvisers, alternating between roles as democratisers, mediators, and negotiators. They used collaboration and facilitative leadership to advance policy in the face of governance problems. This enabled them to adapt policy across multi-level decision systems, address power and information imbalances, and generally deal with conflict and uncertainty. A deeper understanding of improvisation will assist governments and others to address complex challenges in LSMPAs.     

内蒙古粉土地区室内CBR值试验研究

针对内蒙古自治区S209线粉土地区沿线土质调查研究和现场室内承载比试验资料，介绍了室内CBR隹试验技术及粉土作路基填料的不合理性。