声波 CT 技术在旧桥粘钢加固评价中的应用

在役桥梁运营维护中，粘钢加固技术由于其经济、便捷等特点是保证桥梁安全运营的重要手段。但由于现有检测手段的不足，旧桥粘钢加固后修复效果是未知的。为弥补检验修复效果这一空白，将CT技术引入旧桥粘钢加固评价当中，以安徽某大桥的工程为例，用声波CT技术可以检测加固区域混凝土整体质量，得到定性、定量的检测结果，为旧桥加固修复情况提供客观评价，且可增强后续处治的针对性，并节约维修成本。     

基于数据驱动的隧道地质信息精细化管理系统研发与应用

针对现阶段隧道超前地质预报系统管理粗放、数据利用率低等问题，结合数据驱动原理重塑业务逻辑，研发新的隧道地质信息系统TGIS。通过高度集成隧道勘察设计阶段地质、施工阶段超前预报地质及掌子面开挖揭示地质，实现基于数据驱动的预报方法优选、临近预报提醒、分级实时预警与有效处置、掌子面自动素描、预报成果辅助判识等功能，达到隧道地质信息精细化管理的目的。经现场使用表明： 基于数据驱动的隧道地质信息精细化管理系统界面友好、运行稳定、效果良好，各项功能达到设计要求，相对于传统超前地质预报系统具有明显的优势，可普遍服务于隧道建设。     

Adhesion estimation at the wheel–rail interface using advanced model-based filtering

The railway industry in the UK is currently expanding the use of condition monitoring of railway vehicles. These systems can be used to improve maintenance procedures or could potentially be used to monitor current vehicle running conditions without the use of cost prohibitive sensors. This paper looks at a novel method for the online detection of areas of low adhesion in the wheel/rail contact that cause significant disruption to the running of a network, particularly in the autumn season. The proposed method uses a Kalman–Bucy filter to estimate the creep forces in the wheel–rail contact area; post-processing is then applied to provide information indicative of the actual adhesion level. The algorithm uses data that, in practice, would be available from a set of modest cost inertial sensors mounted on the vehicle bogie and wheel-sets. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated using simulation data from a nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle and its track interface.     

Contents Index Volume 35 and 36

Active safety systems would benefit from tyre force and friction potential information. Different sensor concepts, including, among others, the EU–funded Apollo–project developed tyre sensor based on optical position detection, are being studied. The sensor can measure tyre carcass deflections with respect to the rim. The carcass deflections can be used to calculate tyre forces and they may be exploited in the estimation of friction potential. The waveforms of the sensor signal are illustrated. The vertical and lateral force estimations are presented with unavoidable compensation parts. The tyre sensor measurements were compared to the measurement–vehicle results and good correlations achieved. Continuing activities are concerned with the estimation of friction potential and the detection of aquaplaning.     

宁波舟山港主通道一体式钢管桩制造技术

宁波舟山港主通道工程70m跨非通航孔主桥和62.5m跨非通航孔引桥采用螺旋焊缝钢管桩(每根桩上、下部分壁厚不同),桩径分1.6m、1.8m、2m三种规格,最大桩长109m。针对钢管桩大直径、超长、不等壁厚等特点,钢管桩采用全自动化整桩螺旋卷制生产制造方案。制造过程中,将2根桩相同壁厚部分连起来制造,采用在线预精焊、全自动激光跟踪扫描智能化纠偏焊接技术、钢带对接外焊缝自动焊接设备和剪力环自动焊接专用机器设备,建立大直径、超长钢管桩全自动化生产线,实现钢管桩高质、快速制造。该技术的应用,使钢管桩焊接质量一次检测合格率达99.5%以上,加工效率提高2.5倍,仅用16个月,完成了24万吨钢管桩的制造。     

From Twitter to detector: Real-time traffic incident detection using social media data

The effectiveness of traditional incident detection is often limited by sparse sensor coverage, and reporting incidents to emergency response systems is labor-intensive. We propose to mine tweet texts to extract incident information on both highways and arterials as an efficient and cost-effective alternative to existing data sources. This paper presents a methodology to crawl, process and filter tweets that are accessible by the public for free. Tweets are acquired from Twitter using the REST API in real time. The process of adaptive data acquisition establishes a dictionary of important keywords and their combinations that can imply traffic incidents (TI). A tweet is then mapped into a high dimensional binary vector in a feature space formed by the dictionary, and classified into either TI related or not. All the TI tweets are then geocoded to determine their locations, and further classified into one of the five incident categories.We apply the methodology in two regions, the Pittsburgh and Philadelphia Metropolitan Areas. Overall, mining tweets holds great potentials to complement existing traffic incident data in a very cheap way. A small sample of tweets acquired from the Twitter API cover most of the incidents reported in the existing data set, and additional incidents can be identified through analyzing tweets text. Twitter also provides ample additional information with a reasonable coverage on arterials. A tweet that is related to TI and geocodable accounts for approximately 5% of all the acquired tweets. Of those geocodable TI tweets, 60–70% are posted by influential users (IU), namely public Twitter accounts mostly owned by public agencies and media, while the rest is contributed by individual users. There is more incident information provided by Twitter on weekends than on weekdays. Within the same day, both individuals and IUs tend to report incidents more frequently during the day time than at night, especially during traffic peak hours. Individual tweets are more likely to report incidents near the center of a city, and the volume of information significantly decays outwards from the center.     

道路桥梁检测数据结合BIM技术的应用研究

随着市政道路桥梁检测要求的不断提高,检测数据分析和应用深度也随之提高,如何让检测数据更加有效、更加生动的反应道路桥梁的技术状况,成为了越来越多使用单位的基本诉求.针对这一现象,论文介绍了道路桥梁检测数据与BIM技术结合的基本路径,分析阐述了道路桥梁检测数据的主要内容及应用方面的不足,重点研究了如何以BIM信息模型作为检测数据载体的实施方法,归纳了哪些检测数据更加迫切的需要导入到BIM模型中,并通过分析各方单位的不同需求,对使用BIM模型中检测数据的应用场景提出了实施方案,为BIM信息模型的建设和应用提供了新的思路.     

倾斜 PHC 管桩的处理方法及剩余承载力研究

已完成施打的PHC管桩,由于疏于保护等因素,使桩承受了非能预见的水平荷载,桩身通常会出现一定程度的倾斜,它会使PHC管桩桩身产生裂缝、断裂、弯曲或倾斜,使PHC管桩承载力降低或者失效,对工程质量及安全产生重大的影响.通过某工程的PHC管桩受基坑滑坡影响造成倾斜处理实例,从现有理论分析成果出发,结合工程实际处理的对策,得出对于工程实际中具有指导意义的结论,为类似工程缺陷桩的处理提供一个有效的方案.     

西南地区山岭隧道自动化变形监测技术的效益分析

为了更好地指导山岭隧道变形监测技术选用，提高监测效率并节约成本,从技术和经济效益2个方面对比分析人工监测和自动化监测，阐述各监测方式的技术性和经济性特征，总结不同应用条件下应优先选用的监测技术类型，并提出一套可行的变形监测技术选用程序。研究成果可为现阶段西南地区隧道工程变形监测技术类型选用提供参考。     

Shockwave-based queue estimation approach for undersaturated and oversaturated signalized intersections using multi-source detection data

With the progress of information and sensing technologies, estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections becomes feasible and has attracted considerable attention. The existing studies provided a solid theoretical foundation for the estimation; however, the studies have some restrictions or limitations more or less. This paper presents a new methodology for estimating vehicular queue length at signalized intersections using multi-source detection data under both undersaturated and oversaturated conditions. The methodology applies the shockwave theory to model queue dynamics. Using data from probe vehicles and point detectors, analytical formulations for calculating the maximum and minimum (residual) queue lengths of each cycle are developed. Ground truth data were collected from numerical experiments conducted at two intersections in Shanghai, China, to verify the proposed methodology. It is found that the methodology has mean absolute percentage errors of 17.09% and 12.28%, respectively, for maximum queue length estimation in two tests, which are reasonably effective. However, the methodology is unsatisfactory in estimating the residual queue length. Other limitations of the proposed models and algorithms are also discussed in the paper.