不同渗透率下自动驾驶混合交通流在天气条件影响下的通行能力建模

随着世界范围内对自动驾驶汽车及其相关产业发展的高度重视,自动驾驶车辆上路已成为重点领域协同创新、构建未来交通系统的重要载体。本文主要研究自动驾驶车辆不同渗透率参与的混合交通流受场景天气条件的耦合影响因素下的复杂车辆行为逻辑分析,影响机理解析,跟驰模型及通行能力模型构建等。最后我们通过SUMO仿真实验对模型进行嵌套及分析,以期对自动驾驶汽车在测试及上路引导中起到重要理论决策依据。     

浅析新能源电动汽车竞赛预留L4自动驾驶功能研究

据专家预测自动驾驶汽车在预测在2030年出现拐点,2040年主导市场,到2050年自动驾驶技术将占领百分之九十以上的市场,市场份额庞大,汽车智能化,共享化趋势已成为行业共识.如何在行业内脱颖而出,需要学校和汽车研究企业有超前的前瞻性,眼光,市场定位准确,目标主体明确.     

基于激光雷达的自动驾驶同步定位与建图方法综述

同步定位与建图（Simultaneous Localization and Mapping,SLAM）技术可使自动驾驶车辆在未知环境中根据车载传感器采集到的数据估计自身位姿,建立环境地图,为车辆的规划、决策提供定位信息,是近年来自动驾驶技术研究的热点之一。基于车载激光雷达的点云数据,聚焦SLAM技术在自动驾驶领域的应用,围绕前端里程计、后端优化和回环检测技术,对国内外相关研究进行综述。考虑到单一传感器的局限性,结合目前多传感器融合研究的热点与难点,展望了自动驾驶多传感器融合SLAM技术在自动驾驶领域的机遇与挑战。     

人机混驾环境下无信号交叉口自动驾驶汽车左转运动规划研究

为了使自动驾驶汽车在人机混驾环境下能安全、高效地左转通过无信号交叉口,在借鉴人类驾驶人左转时会对周围车辆驾驶意图进行提前预判的基础上,提出了一种基于周围车辆驾驶意图预测的自动驾驶汽车左转运动规划模型。首先将无信号交叉口处周围车辆的驾驶意图分为左转、右转、直行3种类型,利用相关向量机预测周围车辆驾驶意图,以概率形式输出意图预测结果并实时更新,进一步界定自动驾驶汽车与周围车辆的潜在冲突区域并判断是否存在时空冲突;接着,在充分考虑他车速度、航向及车辆到达冲突区域边界距离的基础上建立基于部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程的自动驾驶汽车左转运动规划模型,生成一系列期望加速度;最后,基于Prescan-Simulink联合仿真平台搭建无信号交叉口仿真场景,对所提左转运动规划方法进行仿真验证,将基于博弈论的运动规划方法、基于人工势场理论的运动规划方法与所提出的方法进行比较,并选取行进比例达到1所用的时间和碰撞次数作为评价指标。研究结果表明：基于相关向量机的驾驶意图预测方法可在自动驾驶汽车到达交叉口之前准确预测出他车驾驶意图;基于部分可观测马尔可夫决策过程的左转运动规划方法能够通过速度调整策略实现人机混驾环境下自动驾驶汽车与周围车辆在无信号交叉口处的交互;不同算法对比效果表明,所提左转运动规划方法在自动驾驶汽车与不同数量周围车辆交互的仿真场景下均可有效避免碰撞事故发生并提高自动驾驶汽车左转通过无信号交叉口的效率。     

简谈未来轨道交通列车控制系统技术的发展

分析外界需求和新兴技术对铁路行业的牵引和驱动,并对轨道交通列车控制系统的互联互通、时空坐标体系、资源分配策略、自动驾驶以及多模式交通管控等方面技术进行分析和展望。     

Shared autonomous electric vehicle service performance: Assessing the impact of charging infrastructure

Shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) are the next major evolution in urban mobility. This technology has attracted much interest of car manufacturers aiming at playing a role as transportation network companies (TNCs) and carsharing agencies in order to gain benefits per kilometer and per ride. It is predicted that the majority of future SAVs would most probably be electric. It is therefore important to understand how limited vehicle range and the configuration of charging infrastructure will affect the performance of shared autonomous electric vehicle (SAEV) services. In this study, we aim to explore the impacts of charging station placement, charging types (including normal and rapid charging, and battery swapping), and vehicle battery capacities on service efficiency. We perform an agent-based simulation of SAEVs across the Rouen Normandie metropolitan area in France. The simulation process features impact assessment by considering dynamic demand responsive to the network and traffic.Research results suggest that the performance of SAEVs is strongly correlated with the charging infrastructure. Importantly, faster charging infrastructure and placement of charging locations according to minimized distances between demand hubs and charging stations result in a higher performance. Further analysis indicates the importance of dispersing charging stations across the service area and its impacts on service effectiveness. The results also underline that SAEV battery capacity has to be selected carefully such that to avoid the overlaps between demand and charging peak times. Finally, the simulation results show that the performance indicators of SAEV service are significantly improved by providing battery swapping infrastructure.     

基于多车协作优化的冲突消解模型

传统自动驾驶车辆以假设通行权为前提设计冲突消解算法，但在无信号交叉口存在道路通行权不明确情况，给自动驾驶车辆决策带来困扰.本文提出基于多车协作优化的无信号交叉口冲突消解方法，将多个自动驾驶车辆看成一个整体，利用多目标优化控制理论，计算分配给相互冲突车辆的期望速度规划，达到协作行驶的目的.设置协作与非协作式冲突消解仿真实验.结果表明：多车协作的冲突消解方法通过优化车辆联合行动，使交叉口车辆整体收益最大，各利益体间的收益更为均衡；与非协作行驶决策相比，冲突消解时间缩短，减少交叉口单车平均延误1~2 s，平均减少量约为5%.本文可为无信号交叉口自动驾驶车辆冲突时自主协同行驶提供参考.     

Exploring the impact of connected and autonomous vehicles on freeway capacity using a revised Intelligent Driver Model

ABSTRACT

Connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV) technologies are expected to change driving/vehicle behavior on freeways. This study investigates the impact of CAVs on freeway capacity using a microsimulation tool. A four-lane basic freeway segment is selected as the case study through the Caltrans Performance Measurement System (PeMS). To obtain valid results, various driving behavior parameters are calibrated to the real traffic conditions for human-driven vehicles. In particular, the calibration is conducted using genetic algorithm. A revised Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) is developed and used as the car-following model for CAVs. The simulation is conducted on the basic freeway segment under different penetration rates of CAVs and different freeway speed limits. The results show that with an increase in the market penetration rate, freeway capacity increases, and will increase significantly as the speed limit increases.     

水下滑翔机器人水动力研究与运动分析

水下滑翔机器人是一种无外挂推进系统,仅依靠内置执行机构调整重心位置和净浮力来控制其自身运动的新型水下机器人,主要用于长时间、大范围的海洋环境监测,因此要求其具有低阻性和高稳定性.文章主要从水动力特性出发对水下滑翔机器人进行优化设计,包括主载体线型、升降翼和稳定翼的优化等,并对水动力优化设计的结构进行了定常滑翔运动和空间螺旋回转运动分析,这将为后期的控制系统设计提供参考.     

Green vehicle technology to enhance the performance of a European port: A simulation model with a cost-benefit approach

In this paper, we study the impact of using a new intelligent vehicle technology on the performance and total cost of a European port, in comparison with existing vehicle systems like trucks. Intelligent autonomous vehicles (IAVs) are a new type of automated guided vehicles (AGVs) with better maneuverability and a special ability to pick up/drop off containers by themselves. To identify the most economical fleet size for each type of vehicle to satisfy the port’s performance target, and also to compare their impact on the performance/cost of container terminals, we developed a discrete-event simulation model to simulate all port activities in micro-level (low-level) details. We also developed a cost model to investigate the present values of using two types of vehicle, given the identified fleet size. Results of using the different types of vehicles are then compared based on the given performance measures such as the quay crane net moves per hour and average total discharging/loading time at berth. Besides successfully identifying the optimal fleet size for each type of vehicle, simulation results reveal two findings: first, even when not utilising their ability to pick up/drop off containers, the IAVs still have similar efficacy to regular trucks thanks to their better maneuverability. Second, enabling IAVs’ ability to pick up/drop off containers significantly improves the port performance. Given the best configuration and fleet size as identified by the simulation, we use the developed cost model to estimate the total cost needed for each type of vehicle to meet the performance target. Finally, we study the performance of the case study port with advanced real-time vehicle dispatching/scheduling and container placement strategies. This study reveals that the case study port can greatly benefit from upgrading its current vehicle dispatching/scheduling strategy to a more advanced one.