双后桥平衡悬架骑马螺栓的布置分析

分析了双后桥车型底盘平衡悬架板簧连接骑马螺栓竖直布置与内八斜拉布置2种布置形式对平衡悬架系统的性能的影响,并通过CAE软件完成了相应骑马螺栓的受力及变形分析。通过分析可知,骑马螺栓内八字斜拉布置应力分布优于竖直布置结构,该布置可增加板簧的有效作用长度。     

利用激光点云的城市无人驾驶路径规划算法

为了解决随机采样算法受感知环境不确定性影响下的弱鲁棒性以及弱可靠性问题，采用一种基于激光空间势场的渐优随机采样算法框架来设计符合无人驾驶需要的规划算法。针对感知环境的不确定性，首先基于势场原理与激光障碍物点云构建一个融入了斥力场的规划空间，解决激光障碍物提取中的过分割等问题。其次，利用规划空间来处理随机采样算法中的采样策略、最优母节点选取策略、修剪策略以及最终路径选择策略。再次，在算法中加入了Anytime策略来提高优化解的利用率，使得算法的计算效率满足无人驾驶实时性的要求。同时，为了保证无人驾驶中规划路径的鲁棒性与可靠性，创建了一个综合5重因素的代价函数来选择最优路径，并根据不同的无人驾驶场景来调整相对应的参数；最后在城市测试道路上进行了实地测试。结果表明：设计的算法框架能够适应最高时速40 km·h^-1的城区驾驶环境，并能完成跟驰、换道、融入以及静动态障碍物的避障决策。在与SST算法的对比试验中，所提出的算法在各个试验中的轨迹、方向盘转角以及速度的平滑性都优于SST算法，其轨迹与障碍物的距离也优于SST算法。     

Carbon and energy footprints of electric delivery trucks: A hybrid multi-regional input-output life cycle assessment

Due to frequent stop-and-go operation and long idling periods when driving in congested urban areas, the electrification of commercial delivery trucks has become an interesting topic nationwide. In this study, environmental impacts of various alternative delivery trucks including battery electric, diesel, diesel-electric hybrid, and compressed natural gas trucks are analyzed. A novel life cycle assessment method, an environmentally-extended multi-region input-output analysis, is utilized to calculate energy and carbon footprints throughout the supply chain of alternative delivery trucks. The uncertainties due to fuel consumption or other key parameter variations in real life, data ranges are taken into consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, variations in regional electricity mix greenhouse gas emission are also considered to present a region-specific assessment for each vehicle type. According to the analysis results, although the battery electric delivery trucks have zero tailpipe emission, electric trucks are not expected to have lower environmental impacts compared to other alternatives. On average, the electric trucks have slightly more greenhouse emissions and energy consumption than those of other trucks. The regional analysis also indicates that the percentage of cleaner power sources in the electricity mix plays an important role in the life cycle greenhouse gas emission impacts of electric trucks.     

Dynamic stability of forklift trucks in cornering situations: parametrical analysis using a driving simulator

This paper describes the examination of the vehicle dynamics and stability of four-wheeled forklift trucks (FLTs) in cornering situations. Cornering at excessive speed is one major reason for fatal accidents with forklifts caused by lateral tipover. In order to increase the lateral stability of this kind of working machinery, the influence of certain important design properties has been studied using an appropriate vehicle simulation model and a driving simulator. The simulation model is based on a multi-body system approach and includes submodels for the propulsion system and the tyres. The driving behaviour of the operator has not been modelled. Instead, a driving simulator has been built up and a real human driver was employed for ensuring adequate and realistic model input. As there have not been any suitable standardised test manoeuvres available for FLTs, a new driving test has been developed to assess the lateral stability. This test resembles the well-known J turn/Fishhook turn, but includes a more dynamic counter-steering action. Furthermore, the dimensions of the test track are defined. Therefore, the test is better adapted to the driving dynamics of forklifts and reflects the real driver behaviour more closely. Finally, a parametrical study has been performed, examining the influence of certain important technical properties of the truck such as the maximum speed, the position of centre of gravity, rear axle design features and tyre properties. The results of this study may lead to a better understanding of the vehicle dynamics of forklifts and facilitate goal-oriented design improvements.     

液压组合挂车转向机构换位孔的可制造化处理

根据任意轴线下液压模块式组合挂车转向系统的优化设计原理,通过合并法、分开法、综合法三种孔位处理方法,实现了对优化后的换位孔的可制造化处理,取得了满意的效果。     

自卸汽车液压系统故障2例

针对实际工作中出现的2例自卸汽车液压系统的故障,介绍了一种可以根据经验和借助适当的检测工具,对相关零部件进行从简单到复杂的逐一排查方法,以及使故障得以快速排除的分析思路。     

基于LMS．AMESim的泵送系统液压元件建模与仿真试验

基于液压仿真软件LMS．AMESim，建立泵送液压回路仿真模型；全面了解泵送过程中的泵送压力、油液流量、换向冲击力等关键参数，得到相关的仿真结果，并与试验数据作对比。实践证明，该研究方法对于泵送液压回路系统的设计、分析与优化具有重要的借鉴作用。     

Tyre-force estimation by Kalman inverse filtering: applications to off-highway mining trucks

Kalman inverse filtering is used to develop a methodology for real-time estimation of forces acting at the interface between tyre and road on large off-highway mining trucks. The system model formulated is capable of estimating the three components of tyre-force at each wheel of the truck using a practical set of measurements and inputs. Good tracking is obtained by the estimated tyre-forces when compared with those simulated by an ADAMS virtual-truck model. A sensitivity analysis determines the susceptibility of the tyre-force estimates to uncertainties in the truck’s parameters.     

基于运用载荷应力频度分布评估转向架构架焊缝疲劳寿命的方法

针对转向架构架焊缝边缘部位,运用以往有损伤实例的车辆的运行试验,获得实际作用应力频度分布.同时,采用新假定的S-N曲线及传统的疲劳设计曲线,进行了上述部位的强度及寿命评价,指出这种方法能获得较稳定的寿命评价结果.