Brain limbic system-based intelligent controller application to lane change manoeuvre

This paper presents the application of a novel neuromorphic control strategy for lane change manoeuvres in the highway environment. The lateral dynamics of a vehicle with and without wind disturbance are derived and utilised to implement a control strategy based on the brain limbic system. To show the robustness of the proposed controller, several disturbance conditions including wind, uncertainty in the cornering stiffness, and changes in the vehicle mass are investigated. To demonstrate the performance of the suggested strategy, simulation results of the proposed method are compared with the human driver model-based control scheme, which has been discussed in the literature. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller in energy efficiency, driving comfort, and robustness.     

Collaborative merging strategy for freeway ramp operations in a connected and autonomous vehicles environment

In a connected vehicle environment, vehicles are able to communicate and exchange detailed information such as speed, acceleration, and position in real time. Such information exchange is important for improving traffic safety and mobility. This allows vehicles to collaborate with each other, which can significantly improve traffic operations particularly at intersections and freeway ramps. To assess the potential safety and mobility benefits of collaborative driving enabled by connected vehicle technologies, this study developed an optimization-based ramp control strategy and a simulation evaluation platform using VISSIM, MATLAB, and the Car2X module in VISSIM. The ramp control strategy is formulated as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem and solved by the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The optimization model provides individual vehicles with step-by-step control instructions in the ramp merging area. In addition to the optimization-based ramp control strategy, an empirical gradual speed limit control strategy is also formulated. These strategies are evaluated using the developed simulation platform in terms of average speed, average delay time, and throughput and are compared with a benchmark case with no control. The study results indicate that the proposed optimal control strategy can effectively coordinate merging vehicles at freeway on-ramps and substantially improve safety and mobility, especially when the freeway traffic is not oversaturated. The ramp control strategy can be further extended to improve traffic operations at bottlenecks caused by incidents, which cause approximately 25% of traffic congestion in the United States.     

Development and validation of a numerical model for predicting forklift truck tip-over

The aim of this paper is to present the dynamic behaviour modelling performed for a forklift truck and the validation of this model. The intention is to develop a permanent tool allowing both common and critical driving situations (especially that of lateral tip-over) to be simulated for this type of vehicle. The medium-term aim is to use this model as a tool to facilitate designing, training and preparing safety standards with a view to reducing the number of accidents related to this machine, which, on average, still cause nearly 10 deaths each year. This paper describes the forklift truck mechanical model and the tyre model. A Pacejka's lateral tyre model was used and integrated into the forklift truck model. The interacting forces and moments between the wheels and the ground are, therefore, computed at all times. Test bench-measured data, characteristic of the dynamic behaviour of several tyres, were used to identify the parameters of the Pacejka model. We studied the limits of this model adapted in this case to tyres with characteristics different from those of the car sector. Track testing was performed using a safe-test forklift truck. The purpose of these tests was to measure trajectory characteristics (velocity, position, acceleration and slip angle) and to compare them with model-based predictions, allowing validation of the robustness and accuracy of this model. Situations involving partial (up to 15°) tip-over were included. The quantities measured during testing were compared with the calculation results obtained for identical driving configurations. There was a close calculation/measurement correlation when performing a wide ‘J-turn’ (with and without tip-over) when following circular or slalom trajectories. The calculation/measurement correlation was less close when the forklift truck performed a sharp ‘J-turn’, for example. Model limits can be derived from the observations, data processing and calculations.     

直推自卸式垃圾车举升支座的优化设计

通常在设计直推自卸式垃圾车时,举升支座结构为安全起见均较为厚重,在结构布置上所占体积大且自重大。为此,应用ADAMS仿真分析软件建立举升机构的虚拟样机,对其添加约束、载荷、驱动,进行动力学仿真分析,得到举升支座的动力学仿真结果。再利用ANSYS有限元分析软件对其进行划分网格,定义受力条件,进行有限元分析,得出其应力应变与位移云图,并根据有限元分析结果对其进行优化设计。结果表明,优化后的举升支座强度满足要求,体积减小,成本得到降低。     

T式举升机构的设计和计算软件开发

介绍了T式举升机构的设计方法，通过对机构的分析，建立了举升机构的数学模型，在总结多年实践经验的基础上，运用计算机语言开发了一套专门用于T式自卸举升机构设计计算的辅助软件。本软件能快速计算出自卸举升机构各铰点在不同的举升角度下的坐标、受力大小及方向，并可运用EXCEL电子表格生成各点受力曲线和举升机构的总体参数。     

空气弹簧对重卡平顺性影响研究

为使重卡在平顺性方面满足国际或国家法规要求,利用专用软件,在建立有限元模型的基础上,通过计算机线性静态模拟计算分析,建立重卡有限元模型,进行动态模拟分析和数据分析,从重卡的平顺性出发,通过对安装空气弹簧重卡平顺性实验,然后建立重型卡车ADMAS/Car虚拟样机模型,针对空气弹簧在重卡上的平顺性能影响进行仿真和试验对比分析,并提出改进建议以达到设计目标。     

通信中间件技术在新一代CTC系统中的应用

新一代CTC系统综合了计算机技术、网络通信技术和现代控制技术,采用智能化分散自律设计原则.整个系统通常存在多种硬件系统平台,如工业控制机、工作站、小型机等,不同的操作系统及不同的网络协议和体系结构,如何把这些系统集成起来并开发新的应用是一个非常现实而困难的问题.为此,从安全性、可靠性、扩充性、易管理性、可用性和可移植性等综合因素考虑,提出了采取中间件的方式完成跨平台通信机制.     

厢式载货汽车模型风洞试验技术的研究

风洞试验是进行汽车空气动力学研究的重要手段，介绍了试验数据系统，论述了用小型航空风洞进行厢式载货汽车模型试验时雷诺数，堵塞比，模拟地板等重要技术问题，给出厢式载货汽车改善气动阻力特性的试验结果。     

基于UG的混凝土搅拌运输车搅拌叶片三维造型

以混凝土搅拌筒的结构参数及搅拌叶片的螺旋母线结构参数为设计参数,研究了三维叶片参数化的生成方法,给出了利用UG/GRIP编程语言编制的三维搅拌叶片设计程序,对设计的叶片进行了光顺性检查并进行了切片处理。     

重型汽车传动系结构参数设计

分析了基于发动机特性场的重型汽车传动系结构参数设计的原则，讨论了传动系各速比设计的评价目标和方法。通过对最大传动比、最小传动比、中间速比设计原则的讨论，阐述了传动系主要结构参数的设计思路。以某车型已确定的发动机特性场为例，根据使用要求，着重分析了在按照国家标准和实际使用情况下提高燃油经济性的传动系结构参数优化。