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简要介绍了客车启动系统的结构、原理、启动极限温度要求及启动辅助装置的种类.分析了客车起动电路的模型,归纳了启动系统中各部件的选型和匹配方法. 相似文献
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Transportation agencies experiences with decision support systems for airport ground access planning
This article reports on a field investigation into the ways that transportation agencies use quantitative and qualitative information for making strategic decisions regarding airport ground access. The study analyzes the value of this information for planning airport ground access improvements at seven major international airport sites.The major finding of the research is that quantitative modeling for strategic decision support is very difficult, costly and time consuming. Modelers are confident that the models are accurate and reliable but executives generally lack confidence in the results. Transportation officials believe that the information supplied is flawed by a number of defects that minimize its value for strategic decision makers. The information defects described in this article provide an analysis of the structural difficulty of using quantitative modeling for transportation problems of strategic importance. To date, qualitative information is not frequently used, but some transportation agencies are considering its application to designing transportation services. Although this study is limited to airport ground access, the authors feel that this evidence, in conjunction with the evidence from other studies in the transportation area, dictates a need for wariness in the development of decision support systems for transportation planners. Developers of decision support systems for transportation planners must be aware of modeling costs and defects and consider how to improve the timeliness, relevance and credibility of information quantitative models provide transportation executives. Fundamentally it is important to recognize that decision makers tend, either singularly or in concert with other individuals or groups, to be the champions of a long-term vision for the community. When modeling produces inconsistent or wide ranging results that contradict their position, decision makers may not only discard modeling activities, but lose confidence in the models altogether. As a consequence, transportation planners are faced with the challenge of how to improve quantitative modeling. The most reliable and effective means for improvement is incorporation of qualitative techniques which provide greater understanding of customer perceptions and human behavior. 相似文献
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文章论述了海事行政执法自由裁量权的定义、种类和目前行使海事行政执法自由裁量权存在的问题及造成这种问题的原因,提出了正确行使规范海事行政执法自由裁量权的建议。 相似文献
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决策树法是投标决策阶段常用的一种定量分析方法,但在施工阶段应用较少,此文介绍它的操作原理,并举例阐述在项目实施阶段合同管理方面的应用。 相似文献
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童皓 《电力机车与城轨车辆》2008,31(3):16-18
文章介绍了300 km/h动车组用12 kVA辅助变压器的主要技术参数、结构特点及关键技术。 相似文献
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李俊芳 《铁路工程造价管理》2008,23(3):1-5
通过对融资结构优化决策特点的分析,指出铁路客运专线融资结构优化决策实际上是复杂的多目标决策问题。在此基础上,建立铁路客运专线融资结构优化决策递阶结构模型、决策指标组合权重熵值法与专家主观意见相结合的计算模型以及模糊投影决策评价模型;并编制了决策系统和分析软件;给出了应用实例进行验证,证明此文建立的评价模型能充分利用信息,对表面上看起来复杂的方案进行优劣次序排列,且能使理论和经验结合起来。排序结果能够比较客观公正地反映我国铁路客运专线融资结构的实际情况,可为铁路客运专线的融资结构提供指标评价及方案优选服务,避免因主观原因而造成的决策偏差。 相似文献