基于图像色相值突变特征的钢轨区域快速识别方法

应用彩色图像中不同区域HSL色彩空间中色相值突变特征提取轨检图像中钢轨边界点, 对多条不同等分线处钢轨边界点进行直线拟合以确定钢轨边缘, 识别目标钢轨区域。分析了机器视觉轨检系统序列图像中轨枕、砟石、扣件与钢轨的分布特征及不同特征区域图像色相值的突变特征, 研究了轨检图像不同等分数值下等分线处色相值突变点与钢轨边界点的对应关系, 讨论了不同等分值对识别时间与识别失败率的影响。在不同光照条件下对识别方法与传统方法进行了对比分析。分析结果表明: 当等分值为8时识别效果最优, 识别失败率为5.0%, 识别时间为4.65 ms; 在500~1 000、1 000~10 000、10 000~100 000 lx三个特征光照强度区间, 识别方法在木枕与混凝土枕轨道中钢轨区域的平均最大识别时间分别为4.57、4.48 ms, 比传统方法分别减少了44.4%、47.1%, 识别时间标准差分别为0.15、0.12 ms, 比传统方法分别降低了91.8%、93.6%, 平均最大识别失败率分别为3.5%、3.3%, 比传统方法分别降低了66.0%、76.9%, 识别失败率标准差均为1.6%, 比传统方法分别降低了68.9%、71.1%。可见, 本文方法是一种机器视觉轨检系统中目标钢轨区域识别的有效方法。     

汽车底盘测功机加载滑行测试研究

建立我国基于国际单位制的在用车工况法尾气排放污染物测试系统中底盘测功机加载滑行测试滑行时间的计算公式。依据此公式,给出了准确的恒加载滑行测试和变加载滑行测试的计算滑行时间,对底盘测功机的加载准确度进行判定。     

近距配置声呐方位门关联分析

由于空间分辨率低,两声呐纯方位目标关联存在关联模糊性,从而产生虚假目标(幻影)。当两声呐配置距离较近时,利用两声呐同目标的方位相似性,提出方位门快速关联,消除关联的模糊性,分析配置距离和目标方位对关联门的影响,提供目标早期接触跟踪关联方法。随着跟踪的进行,在具有初步的距离范围信息的情况下,提出距离范围方位门关联方法,提供目标接近态势下的目标关联。计算机仿真说明这2种方法的有效性。     

气压制动系统响应时间优化设计

随着商用车的发展,消费者对车辆安全性的要求越来越高。制动响应时间是评价气压制动系统性能的重要指标,研究缩短制动响应时间的方案意义重大。试验表明,通过优化气压制动系统的选型及布置能有效提升制动响应时间,缩短制动距离,提高整车安全性。文章从气压制动系统管路布置及优化选型等多方面进行分析,并结合试验数据论证影响制动响应时间的因素,固化一些优化方案。     

基于有限理性满意决策原则的出发时间选择模型

通过对交通行为建模的经济学假设进行分析,认为经济学研究方法可以应用于交通科学,但完全理性假设不符合交通行为的决策规则。为此,引入有限理性满意决策原则构建出发时间选择模型。建模的基本思路是设定驾驶员决策目标为满意到达时间,将决策范围限制在满意的最早和最晚到达时间所构成的效用区间,寻求区间效用最大化。     

Two Bandwidth Packing Algorithms for the Centralized Wireless Network and Their Average-case Analysis

This paper presents a detail analysis of two bandwidth packing algorithms, used for processing connection requests in the centralized wireless network. Each call comes with a specific bandwidth request. A request can be satisfied only if there is sufficient bandwidth available during resource scheduling and allocation. Unsatisfied requests were held in a queue. The metric of bandwidth utilization ratio was used to quantify the performance of our algorithms. By theoretical analysis, our algorithms can improve the average bandwidth usage ratio significantly, about 8%~10% without adding much computation complexity. Moreover, our algorithms outperform next fit with fragmentation (NFF) algorithm when the bandwidth resource is scarce. In this paper, the contributions follows: Introducing bandwidth packing problem into wireless network; Proposing two new bandwidth packing algorithms for wireless network where the complicate scheduling algorithms are prohibited; Studying the average performance of our algorithms mathematically, which agree well with the simulation results.     

考虑空车调配协调的货物列车开行方案优化研究

为实现空车调配与货物列车开行方案协调优化,结合基本运行图架构与车流径路,构建货运时空服务拓展网络。考虑配空与装卸取送、集编发等环节的时间接续要求,节点与区段不对流空车要求,以重车流全程运送与空车配送等广义总费用最少为目标,建立整数规划弧路模型。针对既有算法设计局限性,结合重车或空车配空的时间接续要求,提出将不同的 k 短路重车流方案与空车配空方案相关联的改进可行解构造方法,设计混合差分进化求解算法。实例研究表明,考虑空车调配进行重车、空车流组织协调优化,能够减少空车走行费用,及时满足装车需求,有效保证作业车流配合中转车流集结编组及时挂线,提高方案可实施性。     

Controller design for gating traffic control in presence of time-delay in urban road networks

Recent studies demonstrated the efficiency of feedback-based gating control in mitigating congestion in urban networks by exploiting the notion of macroscopic or network fundamental diagram (MFD or NFD). The employed feedback regulator of proportional-integral (PI)-type targets an operating NFD point of maximum throughput to enhance the mobility in the urban road network during the peak period, under saturated traffic conditions. In previous studies, gating was applied directly at the border of the protected network (PN), i.e. the network part to be protected from over-saturation. In this work, the recently developed feedback-based gating concept is applied at junctions located further upstream of the PN. This induces a time-delay, which corresponds to the travel time needed for gated vehicles to approach the PN. The resulting extended feedback control problem can be also tackled by use of a PI-type regulator, albeit with different gain values compared to the case without time-delay. Detailed procedures regarding the appropriate design of related feedback regulators are provided. In addition, the developed feedback concept is shown to work properly with very long time-steps as well. A large part of the Chania, Greece, urban network, modelled in a microscopic simulation environment under realistic traffic conditions, is used as test-bed in this study. The reported results demonstrate a stable and efficient behaviour and improved mobility of the overall network in terms of mean speed and travel time.     

Application of Lagrangian relaxation approach to α-reliable path finding in stochastic networks with correlated link travel times

This study investigates the important problem of determining a reliable path in a stochastic network with correlated link travel times. First, the distribution of path travel time is quantified by using trip records from GPS probe vehicles. Second, the spatial correlation of link travel time is explicitly considered by using a correlation coefficient matrix, which is incorporated into the α-reliable path problem by Cholesky decomposition. Third, the Lagrangian relaxation based framework is used to handle the α-reliable path problem, by which the intractable problem with a non-linear and non-additive structure can be decomposed into several easy-to-solve problems. Finally, the path-finding performance of this approach is tested on a real-world network. The results show that 15 iterations of calculation can yield a small relative gap between upper and lower bounds of the optimal solution and the average running time is about 5 s for most OD settings. The applicability of α-reliable path finding is validated by a case study.     

Policy packages for modal shift and CO2 reduction in Lille,France

This paper proposes different policy scenarios to cut CO₂ emissions caused by the urban mobility of passengers. More precisely, we compare the effects of the ‘direct tool’ of carbon tax, to a combination of ‘indirect tools’ – not originally aimed at reducing CO₂ (i.e. congestion charging, parking charges and a reduction in public transport travel time) in terms of CO₂ impacts through a change in the modal split. In our model, modal choices depend on individual characteristics, trip features (including the effects of policy tools), and land use at origin and destination zones. Personal “CO₂ emissions budgets” resulting from the trips observed in the metropolitan area of Lille (France) in 2006 are calculated and compared to the situation related to the different policy scenarios. We find that an increase of 50% in parking charges combined with a cordon toll of €1.20 and a 10% travel time decrease in public transport services (made after recycling toll-revenues) is the winning scenario. The combined effects of all the policy scenarios are superior to their separate effects.