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81.
应用彩色图像中不同区域HSL色彩空间中色相值突变特征提取轨检图像中钢轨边界点, 对多条不同等分线处钢轨边界点进行直线拟合以确定钢轨边缘, 识别目标钢轨区域。分析了机器视觉轨检系统序列图像中轨枕、砟石、扣件与钢轨的分布特征及不同特征区域图像色相值的突变特征, 研究了轨检图像不同等分数值下等分线处色相值突变点与钢轨边界点的对应关系, 讨论了不同等分值对识别时间与识别失败率的影响。在不同光照条件下对识别方法与传统方法进行了对比分析。分析结果表明: 当等分值为8时识别效果最优, 识别失败率为5.0%, 识别时间为4.65 ms; 在500~1 000、1 000~10 000、10 000~100 000 lx三个特征光照强度区间, 识别方法在木枕与混凝土枕轨道中钢轨区域的平均最大识别时间分别为4.57、4.48 ms, 比传统方法分别减少了44.4%、47.1%, 识别时间标准差分别为0.15、0.12 ms, 比传统方法分别降低了91.8%、93.6%, 平均最大识别失败率分别为3.5%、3.3%, 比传统方法分别降低了66.0%、76.9%, 识别失败率标准差均为1.6%, 比传统方法分别降低了68.9%、71.1%。可见, 本文方法是一种机器视觉轨检系统中目标钢轨区域识别的有效方法。 相似文献
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基于有限理性满意决策原则的出发时间选择模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
李静 《山东交通学院学报》2007,15(2):15-18
通过对交通行为建模的经济学假设进行分析,认为经济学研究方法可以应用于交通科学,但完全理性假设不符合交通行为的决策规则。为此,引入有限理性满意决策原则构建出发时间选择模型。建模的基本思路是设定驾驶员决策目标为满意到达时间,将决策范围限制在满意的最早和最晚到达时间所构成的效用区间,寻求区间效用最大化。 相似文献
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This paper presents a detail analysis of two bandwidth packing algorithms, used for processing connection requests in the centralized wireless network. Each call comes with a specific bandwidth request. A request can be satisfied only if there is sufficient bandwidth available during resource scheduling and allocation. Unsatisfied requests were held in a queue. The metric of bandwidth utilization ratio was used to quantify the performance of our algorithms. By theoretical analysis, our algorithms can improve the average bandwidth usage ratio significantly, about 8%~10% without adding much computation complexity. Moreover, our algorithms outperform next fit with fragmentation (NFF) algorithm when the bandwidth resource is scarce. In this paper, the contributions follows: Introducing bandwidth packing problem into wireless network; Proposing two new bandwidth packing algorithms for wireless network where the complicate scheduling algorithms are prohibited; Studying the average performance of our algorithms mathematically, which agree well with the simulation results. 相似文献
87.
为实现空车调配与货物列车开行方案协调优化,结合基本运行图架构与车流径路,构建货运时空服务拓展网络。考虑配空与装卸取送、集编发等环节的时间接续要求,节点与区段不对流空车要求,以重车流全程运送与空车配送等广义总费用最少为目标,建立整数规划弧路模型。针对既有算法设计局限性,结合重车或空车配空的时间接续要求,提出将不同的 k 短路重车流方案与空车配空方案相关联的改进可行解构造方法,设计混合差分进化求解算法。实例研究表明,考虑空车调配进行重车、空车流组织协调优化,能够减少空车走行费用,及时满足装车需求,有效保证作业车流配合中转车流集结编组及时挂线,提高方案可实施性。 相似文献
88.
Recent studies demonstrated the efficiency of feedback-based gating control in mitigating congestion in urban networks by exploiting the notion of macroscopic or network fundamental diagram (MFD or NFD). The employed feedback regulator of proportional-integral (PI)-type targets an operating NFD point of maximum throughput to enhance the mobility in the urban road network during the peak period, under saturated traffic conditions. In previous studies, gating was applied directly at the border of the protected network (PN), i.e. the network part to be protected from over-saturation. In this work, the recently developed feedback-based gating concept is applied at junctions located further upstream of the PN. This induces a time-delay, which corresponds to the travel time needed for gated vehicles to approach the PN. The resulting extended feedback control problem can be also tackled by use of a PI-type regulator, albeit with different gain values compared to the case without time-delay. Detailed procedures regarding the appropriate design of related feedback regulators are provided. In addition, the developed feedback concept is shown to work properly with very long time-steps as well. A large part of the Chania, Greece, urban network, modelled in a microscopic simulation environment under realistic traffic conditions, is used as test-bed in this study. The reported results demonstrate a stable and efficient behaviour and improved mobility of the overall network in terms of mean speed and travel time. 相似文献
89.
This study investigates the important problem of determining a reliable path in a stochastic network with correlated link travel times. First, the distribution of path travel time is quantified by using trip records from GPS probe vehicles. Second, the spatial correlation of link travel time is explicitly considered by using a correlation coefficient matrix, which is incorporated into the α-reliable path problem by Cholesky decomposition. Third, the Lagrangian relaxation based framework is used to handle the α-reliable path problem, by which the intractable problem with a non-linear and non-additive structure can be decomposed into several easy-to-solve problems. Finally, the path-finding performance of this approach is tested on a real-world network. The results show that 15 iterations of calculation can yield a small relative gap between upper and lower bounds of the optimal solution and the average running time is about 5 s for most OD settings. The applicability of α-reliable path finding is validated by a case study. 相似文献
90.
This paper proposes different policy scenarios to cut CO2 emissions caused by the urban mobility of passengers. More precisely, we compare the effects of the ‘direct tool’ of carbon tax, to a combination of ‘indirect tools’ – not originally aimed at reducing CO2 (i.e. congestion charging, parking charges and a reduction in public transport travel time) in terms of CO2 impacts through a change in the modal split. In our model, modal choices depend on individual characteristics, trip features (including the effects of policy tools), and land use at origin and destination zones. Personal “CO2 emissions budgets” resulting from the trips observed in the metropolitan area of Lille (France) in 2006 are calculated and compared to the situation related to the different policy scenarios. We find that an increase of 50% in parking charges combined with a cordon toll of €1.20 and a 10% travel time decrease in public transport services (made after recycling toll-revenues) is the winning scenario. The combined effects of all the policy scenarios are superior to their separate effects. 相似文献