改进的灰色GM(1,1)模型在滑坡预测中的应用

滑坡形成机制复杂其变形受多种因素影响,具有相当的模糊性和灰色不确定性,因而利用灰色预测模型对滑坡进行预测将是一条有效的途径．在介绍了灰色预测的基本原理及其精度检验方法后,针对传统灰色GM（1,1）模型中背景值的取法,提出了一种自动寻优定权的改进措施,通过实例对比分析,表明其预测精度将得到有效提高．     

高职学生英语学习策略整体使用水平的调查研究

近几十年来,外语教学的研究重心已从研究教学法转向了对研究学习者本身特点及其对语言学习过程的影响,学习策略在外语学习中的作用越来越受到关注。通过使用《语言学习策略调查问卷》（中文版）,对浙江交通职业技术学院725名非英语专业高职学生进行问卷调查并进行了数据分析,以此了解高职学生英语学习策略的使用情况和特征,并为高职学生英语学习策略的研究提供可靠数据。     

面向智能驾驶行为的机器学习

基于机器学习的智能驾驶行为分析是智能车辆发展的方向和难点之一.驾驶行为的知识获取和表达,涉及机器学习中的诸多算法.首先对机器学习在驾驶行为识别判断、建模预测、智能决策等方面的研究进行了分析,进而对驾驶行为分析中的几种主要机器学习算法进行了较为全面的总结,最后给出了各种算法的优缺点.     

融合实时交通状态信息的道路背景更新模型

针对道路背景的提取和更新效果受实时交通流状态影响的问题,提出了一种用于交通视频监控场景下的融合实时交通状态信息的道路背景更新模型和实现方法.该方法通过构建宏观交通状态参数特征集估计道路实时的交通状态信息,在传统方法基础上融合交通状态信息建立选择性背景帧提取模型,改进背景更新候选帧的选取条件,通过光照变化来估测道路背景的更新频率并自适应地提取背景更新区域.试验表明:该方法在道路交通顺畅和拥堵状态时,均能有效地提取道路背景,大大地提高背景更新的收敛速度.     

平均排队长度差最小的单交叉口在线Q学习模型

为改善交叉口排队长度管理,避免交叉口某个方向排队长度过长,采用强化学习理论建立了以平均排队长度差最小为优化目标的在线Q学习模型.针对控制性能指标相对于邻近的配时方案不敏感的特点,提出了以平均排队长度差作为基本单位重新构造奖励函数,目的是拉大各行为对应的Q值差距,提高模型的收敛速度和鲁棒性.集成Excel VBA,Vissim,Matlab建立了在线仿真平台,作为计算环境对算例进行了计算.算例中利用GPS数据对Vissim软件中车辆加减速度曲线进行了标定.计算结果表明以平均排队长度差作为优化目标能够提高各个方向排队长度的平衡性,优化整个交叉口的时空资源;建立的在线Q模型具有学习能力和较快的计算速度,模型能否收敛受到周期取值和可选行为数量的影响.     

复杂海况下基于强化学习的USV局部路径规划方法研究（英文）

Conducting hydrodynamic and physical motion simulation tests using a large-scale self-propelled model under actual wave conditions is an important means for researching environmental adaptability of ships. During the navigation test of the self-propelled model, the complex environment including various port facilities, navigation facilities, and the ships nearby must be considered carefully, because in this dense environment the impact of sea waves and winds on the model is particularly significant. In order to improve the security of the self-propelled model, this paper introduces the Q learning based on reinforcement learning combined with chaotic ideas for the model's collision avoidance, in order to improve the reliability of the local path planning. Simulation and sea test results show that this algorithm is a better solution for collision avoidance of the self navigation model under the interference of sea winds and waves with good adaptability.     

Local path planning method of the self-propelled model based on reinforcement learning in complex conditions

Conducting hydrodynamic and physical motion simulation tests using a large-scale self-propelled model under actual wave conditions is an important means for researching environmental adaptability of ships. During the navigation test of the self-propelled model, the complex environment including various port facilities, navigation facilities, and the ships nearby must be considered carefully, because in this dense environment the impact of sea waves and winds on the model is particularly significant. In order to improve the security of the self-propelled model, this paper introduces the Q learning based on reinforcement learning combined with chaotic ideas for the model＇s collision avoidance, in order to improve the reliability of the local path planning. Simulation and sea test results show that this algorithm is a better solution for collision avoidance of the self navigation model under the interference of sea winds and waves with good adaptability.     

Applying multiple kernel learning and support vector machine for solving the multicriteria and nonlinearity problems of traffic flow prediction

This article proposes to develop a prediction model for traffic flow using kernel learning methods such as support vector machine (SVM) and multiple kernel learning (MKL). Traffic flow prediction is a dynamic problem owing to its complex nature of multicriteria and nonlinearity. Influential factors of traffic flow were firstly investigated; five‐point scale and entropy methods were employed to transfer the qualitative factors into quantitative ones and rank these factors, respectively. Then, SVM and MKL‐based prediction models were developed, with the influential factors and the traffic flow as the input and output variables. The prediction capability of MKL was compared with SVM through a case study. It is proved that both the SVM and MKL perform well in prediction with regard to the accuracy rate and efficiency, and MKL is more preferable with a higher accuracy rate when under proper parameters setting. Therefore, MKL can enhance the decision‐making of traffic flow prediction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于混合高斯背景建模的交通视频运动目标检测

目前最常用也最有效的运动目标检测方法是背景减除法,其中背景提取是背景减除法的核心.传统的运动目标检测方法无法解决场景的光线突变、背景图像发生变化以及前景运动目标物体的阴影干扰等问题.针对交通视频中背景模型的实际情况,采用混合高斯分布对视频背景进行建模,将前一帧视频图像与所建立的当前背景图像进行相减,得到车辆在当前时刻的运动图像,并将所得图像进行形态学去噪处理.通过相关的仿真实验,证明了该方法能够比较准确地检测出前景运动车辆目标.     

重点营运车辆的异常驾驶行为识别研究

为加强对重点营运车辆异常驾驶行为的监督与检测,本文基于时间序列符号化算法(TSA) 与多尺度卷积神经网络模型(MCNN)提出一种组合模型TSA-MCNN,用于识别重点营运车辆异常驾驶行为。首先,对北斗数据进行预处理,并基于营运车辆存在多种车型、多种速度限制、多种异常驾驶行为的特点划分4种异常驾驶行为,构建异常样本数据集。其次,构建TSA-MCNN模型识别样本数据集,其过程分为两阶段,第1阶段,针对重点营运车辆的特点,引入能够粗粒化处理数据特征的时间序列符号化算法与能够多通道参数输入的多尺度卷积神经网络进行组合,并基于Keras库完成TSA-MCNN模型的搭建;第2阶段,利用样本数据集作为模型的输入变量,完成模型的训练、测试与识别。最后,以广河高速重点营运车辆北斗数据验证TSA-MCNN模型的性能, 同时,与异常识别传统算法的卷积神经网络(CNN)模型与动态时间扭曲-K最近邻(DTW-KNN)模型进行对比分析。验证结果表明：TSA-MCNN模型整体识别准确率为97.25%,相对于CNN模型与DTW-KNN模型提高了20.50%与5.63%。其中,TSA-MCNN模型对于正常驾驶行为、超速驾驶行为、紧急停车行为、临时停车行为、低速驾驶行为的识别精确率相对于CNN模型(DTW-KNN模 型)分别提高了26%(13%)、26%(6%)、23%(5%)、28%(3%)、0(0),说明该模型对于重点营运车辆异常驾驶行为的识别具有良好的性能。