基于IC 卡数据的公交通勤熵变模型的构建与应用

建立利用公交IC 卡数据计算公交过剩通勤熵变的框架,对优化城市居民通勤出行距离的难易程度进行定量分析. 结合公交出行的特点,构建基于Wilson 熵模型和双约束重力模型的公交通勤熵变模型;以广州市居民公共交通IC 卡数据为例,对通勤筛选、单元问题及过剩通勤熵变评价等进行探讨. 结果发现,采用约1 km × 1 km的单元格划分是城市公交通勤熵变模型中适合的单元划分方式,公交过剩通勤的熵变能够有效衡量平均通勤距离减少的难易程度和检验改变通勤行为相关政策的有效性.     

Impacts of weather on public transport ridership: Results from mining data from different sources

The existing studies concerning the influence of weather on public transport have mainly focused on the impacts of average weather conditions on the aggregate ridership of public transit. Not much research has examined these impacts at disaggregate levels. This study aims to fill this gap by accounting for intra-day variations in weather as well as public transport ridership and investigating the effect of weather on the travel behavior of individual public transit users. We have collected smart card data for public transit and meteorological records from Shenzhen, China for the entire month of September 2014. The data allow us to establish association between the system-wide public transit ridership and weather condition on not only daily, but also hourly basis and for each metro station. In addition, with the detailed trip records of individual card holders, the travel pattern by public transit are constructed for card holders and this pattern is linked to the weather conditions he/she has experienced. Multivariate modeling approach is applied to analyze the influence of weather on public transit ridership and the travel behavior of regular transit users. Results show that some weather elements have more influence than others on public transportation. Metro stations located in urban areas are more vulnerable to outdoor weather in regard to ridership. Regular transit users are found to be rather resilient to changes in weather conditions. Findings contribute to a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between everyday weather and public transit travels and also provide valuable information for short-term scheduling in transit management.     

Analyzing year-to-year changes in public transport passenger behaviour using smart card data

In recent years, there has been increased interest in using completely anonymized data from smart card collection systems to better understand the behavioural habits of public transport passengers. Such an understanding can benefit urban transport planners as well as urban modelling by providing simulation models with realistic mobility patterns of transit networks. In particular, the study of temporal activities has elicited substantial interest. In this regard, a number of methods have been developed in the literature for this type of analysis, most using clustering approaches. This paper presents a two-level generative model that applies the Gaussian mixture model to regroup passengers based on their temporal habits in their public transportation usage. The strength of the proposed methodology is that it can model a continuous representation of time instead of having to employ discrete time bins. For each cluster, the approach provides typical temporal patterns that enable easy interpretation. The experiments are performed on five years of data collected by the Société de transport de l’Outaouais. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach in identifying a reduced set of passenger clusters linked to their fare types. A five-year longitudinal analysis also shows the relative stability of public transport usage.     

A Self-Encryption Remote User Anonymous Authentication Scheme Using Smart Cards

Introduction Remoteuserauthenticationschemesarevery usefulindistributedsystemssincetheycanguar-anteeonlythelegalusershaverighttovisitthere-sourcesprovidedbytheremoteservers.There-fore,overthepastyears,manyremoteuserau-thenticationschemes[1-8]havebeenproposed.In1981,Lamport[1]proposedthefirstwell-known passwordauthenticationschemeusingapassword tabletoachieveuserauthentication.However,Lamport'sschemesuffersfromtheriskofamodi-fiedpasswordtableandthecostofprotectingand maintainingthepasswordtabl…     

公交线路客流 OD 管流类推估算方法的应用

应用管流类推法(fluid analogy method ,FAM )研究公交线路 OD 矩阵的估算,该方法利用管流概念,将公交线路和乘客分别视为管道和流体,利用乘客在各站上下车人数来估算公交线路 OD 矩阵。将该方法应用于北京市分段计价的公交线路中,通过对比估算结果与实际公交 IC 卡的出行 OD分布,结果表明:在早高峰、晚高峰、全日的 OD 估算误差指数在0.75以上,且早高峰、晚高峰、全日估算的公交乘车站距与实际乘车距离的相关系数分别为0.98,0.98,0.99,验证了 FAM 法在公交线路不同时段 OD 估算中的精度与可靠性,与传统的均衡算法等解析模型相比,该方法简单、高效,且能够得到惟一解,在智能公交实时调度中具有较高的实用价值。     

Airlines’ reaction to high-speed rail entries: Empirical study of the Northeast Asian market

We investigate the impact of the commencement of high-speed rail (HSR) services on airlines’ domestic available seats on affected routes in China, Japan, and South Korea. The study is based on a dataset covering the 1994–2012 period. We use the propensity score matching method to pair HSR affected routes with routes without HSR services. The difference-in-difference approach is used to estimate the impact of HSR entry. We find that HSR entries may, on average, lead to a more significant drop in airlines’ seat capacity in China than in Japan and Korea given similar HSR service speed. In China, HSR services with a maximum speed about 200 km/h can produce strong negative impacts on medium-haul air routes but induce more air seat capacity on long-haul routes. HSR services with a maximum speed of 300 km/h have little extra impact on medium-haul routes but a strong negative impact on long-haul routes. Finally, although HSR has a strong negative impact in Japan’s short-haul and medium-haul air markets, little impact is observed in its long-haul markets.     

高分辨率等离子体显示屏的应用及其驱动系统原理分析

在机车的显示与诊断系统中，使用高分辨率平板显示器已成为一种趋势。本文详细介绍了等离子体显示屏及其驱动系统的工作原理。     

技术计划车种代用的重空车辆调配综合优化研究

车种代用现象在我国铁路行业普遍存在,它对技术计划中的空车调配计划以及装卸车计划都会产生一定影响。本文首先阐述国内外近年来的车种代用研究现状,指出车种代用下的空车调配模型存在计算收益不准确和非均衡运输的缺点,通过模型的修正避免了车辆积压。基于时空网络原理,提出车种代用下的重空车调配综合优化模型,模型强调均衡运输,兼顾重空车流接续,以效益最大化为目标。新模型克服了原模型的缺陷。通过两个模型的算例比较分析,新模型在代用策略和优化方案上更优于原模型,对技术计划的编制具有更好的指导意义。     

基于IC卡技术的高安全性门禁系统

研究并设计了一种可联机使用也可单独使用的高安全性的无线IC卡读写模块，它以AT89C51单片机为微控制器，以MFRCS00芯片为IC卡读写器，构建了一个使用简单的IC卡读写系统。该系统基于MFRC500芯片构成读写模块，并对微控制器与读写芯片的通信方式作了详细介绍。该系统的最大特点在于其通信过程中使用高安全性的数据加密算法。     

隧道偏压明洞错台成因及工程对策

明洞衬砌结构对隧道工程安全运营起到至关重要的作用,衬砌发生错台会对隧道洞口结构安全产生严重影响。针对华东地区某公路隧道偏压明洞段衬砌错台等病害,采用现场调研和数值模拟相结合的方法分析其产生原因,并提出相应的对策。研究成果表明： 隧道错台主要与边坡坡体浅层土体的侧压力有关,建议对边坡进行位移监测和对边坡坡脚位置及抗偏压墙处采用反压回填法进行处治,实施效果较好,可为类似隧道病害的整治提供参考。