用电阻网络方法计算船舶压载舱的压力损失

随着人们环保意识的增强，船舶压载水对海洋环境的污染越来越受到关注，国际海事组织（IMO）要求船舶在深海进行压载水更换。为了确保更换压载水时船舶的安全，设计船舶时必须对船舶压载舱压力损失进行计算。提供了一种计算船舶压载舱压力损失的方法，为船舶设计或选用更换压载水的压载泵提供参考。     

Probabilistic risk analysis of flying ballast hazard on high-speed rail lines

Flying ballast is a significant safety concern for high-speed train operations on ballasted tracks. It is the phenomenon of a ballast particle displaced from the track, due to the aerodynamic force induced by a passing train traveling above a certain speed. Flying ballast can potentially damage tracks and rolling stock, thereby posing a risk to high-speed rail operations. This paper develops a Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PRA) model based on the information available from the field and the literature. The model enables a quantitative assessment of the probability of ballast particle displacement at a particular position on the track, as well as the probabilistic distribution of the total number of ballast particles that are expected to move. The model accounts for various risk factors, such as train speed, ballast gradation, and track position. The model application is illustrated using a ballasted track on the Yellow River Bridge on the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail line in China. The analysis finds that flying ballast probability increases when train speed increases, in particular, the problem of flying ballast becomes more pronounced when train speed exceeds 350 km per hour (217 miles per hour). Flying ballast probability might be reduced when the ballast profile is lower, given all else being equal. In addition, flying ballast probability is expected to be higher at the center of the track than in other positions. The proposed risk model can be further developed and ultimately be used to evaluate route-specific flying ballast risk, enabling the identification, assessment, and comparison of risk mitigation strategies in order to support emerging high-speed rail operations.     

Eradication of algae in ships＇ ballast water by electrolyzing

In order to verify the effectiveness of electrolytic treatment on ships＇ ballast water, experiments are carried out by a pilot system in laboratory. The raw seawater and seawater with different concentrations of different algae are simulated as ships＇ ballast water. The algae in the raw seawater can be killed if it is treated by electrolysis with an initial residual chlorine concentration of 5 mg/L. If the seawater with one kind of algae （Nitzschia closterum, Dicrateria spp., or Pyramidomonnas sp.105cells/mL） is treated by electrolysis with an initial residual chlorine concentration of 5 mg/L the alga can be sterilized, If the seawater with one kind of algae （Dunaliella sp., Platymonas or Chlorella spp.） is directly treated by electrolyzing with an initial residual chlorine concentration of 4 mg/L, the instant mortality changes with the concentration of different algae. However, after 72 hours, in all treated samples, there are no live algal cells found.     

大型豪华邮轮压载系统管路仿真分析

以某大型豪华邮轮的压载系统为研究对象,基于CFD方法,利用Flowmaster建立一维管路模型,采用理论公式计算对比软件建模仿真的方法验证压载泵特性参数的准确性,同时在考虑阀门开度和压载舱相对高度等特殊节点参数选择的基础上分析邮轮压载系统压排水时的水力特性规律。仿真结果表明,采用CFD方法仿真分析邮轮压载系统管路布置是合理准确的,规定时间内系统的压排水量以及节点支路流量的变化规律能满足压载系统的布置要求。     

基于损伤退化模型的钢筋混凝土梁式桥加固计算方法研究

为了客观反映材料退化、结构损伤、运营环境变化及结构工作状态改变等因素对桥梁承载能力的影响,分析了桥梁加固计算的特点,给出了基于损伤退化模型的钢筋混凝土梁式桥正截面及斜截面承载能力计算公式,提出了结构加固计算的一般步骤,并以工程实例给出了具体应用方法。     

船舶压载监控系统的设计与应用

概述了船舶压载监控系统的工作原理，详细分析了船舶压载监控系统的设计与应用，并对系统组成和功能进行了说明。该系统由上位计算机、下位机、触摸屏、远程I／O模块和通信以太网等组成。下位机采用可编程逻辑控制器（PLC），用于设备的开关控制、压力、流量、液位等过程量的监视和控制。上位机装有Wincc监控组态软件，可集中监控系统模拟量和开关量。     

船舶压载水处理综述

总结了国际组织及各主要航运大国船舶压载水管理法规的发展和完善过程,对各种压载水处理技术进行分类.综合分析了各种处理技术的原理和优缺点.对船舶压载水处理技术和装备的发展前景作出了展望.     

防泥沙VLCC压载水舱浑水水力模型试验研究

针对一款新型防泥沙VLCC压载舱设计方案开展浑水水力模型试验,重点研究了不同进水含沙粒径、不同含沙量、不同进水流量和不同进水模式对其沉沙效能的影响。经验证,该设计方案具有一定的防泥沙效能,且沉沙率受进水含沙的粒径级配影响较大,而受一定范围内含沙量的影响相对较小,较低的进水流量和间歇式进水模式有助于提高沉沙效能。     

港口工程钢筋混凝土结构性能退化模型研究

根据应力和氯离子共同作用下港口工程混凝土结构的性能退化机理,确定了描述结构性能退化的参数：以承载 力描述结构安全性退化,以刚度和纵向裂缝描述结构适用性退化。考虑了应力大小、持续时间和氯离子对结构性能的综合 影响,提出了港口工程钢筋混凝土结构钢筋锈蚀率计算模型。以钢筋锈蚀率为表征参数,通过理论分析和室内试验,建立 了港工钢筋混凝土结构承载力衰减模型、纵向裂缝开展模型和刚度退化模型。     

基于PSPC压载舱涂装工艺的研究

考虑到目前国内外还没有经过广泛认可的、统一的针对PSPC涂层性能新标准的具体操作指南或指引,相关条款还存在争议,结合PSPC涂层新标准的具体内容和船企实践,对PSPC适用对象、涂层系统的要求、压载舱的涂装施工程序及检验等进行阐述,以期为船舶企业实施PSPC提供参考,为原油轮货油舱新标准COTPSPC的执行提供借鉴。