Automatic guidance control of an articulated all-wheel-steered vehicle

This paper presents automatic guidance control of a single-articulated all-wheel-steered vehicle being developed by the Korea Railroad Research Institute. The vehicle has an independent drive motor on each wheel except for the front axle. The guidance controller is designed so that the vehicle follows the given reference path within permissible lateral deviations. We use a three-input/three-output linearised model derived from the nonlinear dynamic model of the vehicle. For the purpose of simplifying the controller and making it tunable, we consider a decentralised control configuration. We first design a second-order decoupling compensator for the two-input/two-output system that is strongly coupled and then design a first-order controller for each decoupled feedback loop by using the characteristic ratio assignment method. The simulation results for the nonlinear dynamic model indicate that the proposed control configuration successfully achieves the design objectives.     

基于QoS升降级的无线单播多播混合带宽资源分配方法

在单播与多播混合服务的OFDM蜂窝系统中,因负载较重而使带宽资源被完全占用时,为接纳更多的多播用户,在单播多媒体用户可接受的范围内提出：基于信道容量平滑的QoS升降级带宽借用方法.通过建立QoS升降级的子载波借用模型和CUpDown-QoS算法,达到最大化多播用户数和减小多播切换呼叫中断率;提出了GoS保证下,限制新呼叫的动态带宽借用阈值,给出基于Markov模型的CBP（Call Blocking Probability）与HDP（Handoff Dropping Probability）最优折中的阈值确定方法,以及多播优先的动态带宽借用策略对阈值确定的影响.     

Dynamic traffic assignment of cooperative adaptive cruise control

Advances in connected and automated vehicle technologies have resulted in new vehicle applications, such as cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC). Microsimulation models have shown significant increases in capacity and stability due to CACC, but most previous work has relied on microsimulation. To study the effects of CACC on larger networks and with user equilibrium route choice, we incorporate CACC into the link transmission model (LTM) for dynamic network loading. First, we derive the flow-density relationship from the MIXIC car-following model of CACC (at 100% CACC market penetration). The flow-density relationship has an unusual shape; part of the congested regime has an infinite congested wave speed. However, we verify that the flow predictions match observations from MIXIC modeled in VISSIM. Then, we use the flow-density relationship from MIXIC in LTM. Although the independence of separate links restricts the maximum congested wave speed, for common freeway link lengths the congested wave speed is sufficiently high to fit the observed flows from MIXIC. Results on a freeway and regional networks (with CACC-exclusive lanes) indicate that CACC could reduce freeway congestion, but naïve deployment of CACC-exclusive lanes could cause an increase in total system travel time.     

Route structures in air transportation—the situation in the federal republic of Germany

This paper deals with route structures in air transportation in general and describes the derivation of such structures. Based on an extensive analysis of scheduled air traffic in Germany, an overview of the situation in domestic and international air travel is given. In particular, relationships were found which permit—in connection with a number of influencing factors—to derive from the present situation route structures, which are also valid for a future year.

This approach was used for the assignment of origin‐destination‐passenger flows to air network routes in a forecast of demand and services in commercial air transportation of the Federal Republic of Germany for the year 1995.     

需求不确定状态下的航班机型分配问题研究

机型分配问题是飞机、机组排班问题的基础,是整个航班计划中的关键环节。文章针对市场需求高度不确定的情况,建立了两阶段随机混合整数规划模型,其中第一阶段考虑机族层次的分配,确保每个航节均分配1种且仅有1种机族,第二阶段根据进一步的市场需求信息及预测,考虑每个航节所分配的机族内具体机型的分配问题。针对建立的模型,设计了Benders分解算法,并通过算例验证了该模型较传统确定型模型更具有效性,能够为航空公司的机型分配提供决策支持。     

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所建立模型明确考虑了随机参考点作为累积前景理论(CPT)描述出行者有限理性路径选择行为的补充,将其定义为随机最短行程时间和可接受系数的乘积。假设出行者遵循路径累积前景最大化原则进行路径选择,建立相应的随机均衡条件及等价的不动点模型。然后,给出基于Probit加载和相继平均法(MSA)的启发式算法,并在小型网络上验证所提出的模型和算法。算例结果表明,依赖随机参考点的交通流模式能够较为真实地再现出行者在路径选择时,同时考虑行程时间均值及随机波动的有限理性行为。对参数进行灵敏度分析,基于CPT得到的路网均衡状态基本上不受行程时间随机波动程度变化的影响,当出行者调整出行时间预算时,均衡状态将随之发生改变。     

面向双向不同带宽需求的绿波协调控制优化模型

通过引入绿波带宽分配影响因子与带宽需求比例系数,构造了一种新的绿波协调控制模型性能指标函数通式,针对MAXBAND（MULTIBAND）模型与通用双向绿波协调控制模型,分别建立了面向双向不同带宽需求的最大绿波协调控制优化模型,并对是否可以获得双向绿波带宽的两种情况,比较了控制模型改进前后的设计效果。分析结果表明：在难以...     

綠色節能最佳化運輸路徑之規劃

隨著經濟發展,自然環境惡化程度持續加深,肇因為小客車數量日益增加,於是近年來綠色交通概念被大力提倡,如能以最佳節能路徑為運輸進行改造,將能為綠色環保盡一份心力。以最短路徑演算法（Dijkastra＇s Algorithm）為基礎,撰寫出最佳節能路徑之演算法,即每台車皆能以最低油耗知目標行駛,並將其與最短距離和最少旅行之路徑進行結果比較,結果發現該最佳節能路徑相較另兩條目標路徑時最能節省燃油消耗,此成果可提供小客車車主進行最佳節能路徑之規劃。另外也以路網均衡之概念進行交通量指派,使用者均衡和系統均衡分別於時間成本和油耗成本目標下之比較。     

基于时刻表的公交网络随机用户均衡配流算法研究

提高公共交通规划管理及信息化水平,需要制定科学的公交规划管理策略,公交客流分配是公交规划与管理的核心内容之一。为促进公交配流理论研究,提高公交客流分配结果科学性,分析了国内外公交配流研究现状,对于城市广义公交网络,结合公交时刻表,定义了公交连接、连接片段以及吸引连接集合,建立了容量限制下基于时刻表的公交网络随机用户均衡配流算法（VRT-SUE）,对算法原理和求解步骤进行了探讨。构建实例公交网络进行分析测试,配流结果显示该模型能够很好的反映出出发时间、到达时间、换乘次数及费用等对乘客公交出行的影响,算法是合理和有效的。