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我国清洁汽车的发展及对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
简述了我国清洁汽车的发展概况和存在的主要问题,重点提出我国清洁汽车“应加快燃油汽车先进排放控制技术的研发与应用;代用燃料汽车的发展重点应继续放在单一燃料燃气汽车上;混合动力汽车应加快发展,但自主开发应谨慎”等对策及建议。 相似文献
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后置发动机城市公交车冷却系统的定性分析 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
简要介绍后置发动机城市公交客车冷却系统的布置结构,定性分析影响后置发动机城市公交客车冷却系统散热效果的各种原因,明确提高冷却系统散热效果的途径以及设计中的处理建议、注意事项等。 相似文献
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Bus Priority Using pre-signals 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The need to provide efficient public transport services in urban areas has led to the implementation of bus priority measures in many congested cities. Much interest has recently centred on priority at signal controlled junctions, including the concept of pre-signals, where traffic signals are installed at or near the end of a with-flow bus lane to provide buses with priority access to the downstream junction. Although a number of pre-signals have now been installed in the U.K., particularly in London, there has been very little published research into their design, operation and optimisation. This paper addresses these points through the development of analytical procedures which allow pre-implementation evaluation of specific categories of pre-signals. The paper initially sets out three categories of pre-signal, which have different operating characteristics, different requirements for signalling and different impacts on capacity and delay. Key issues concerning signalling arrangements for these categories are then discussed, together with a summary of the analytical approach adopted and the assumptions required. Equations are developed to allow appropriate signal timings to be calculated for pre-signalised intersections. Further equations are then developed to enable delays to priority and non-priority traffic, with and without pre-signals, to be estimated with delay being taken here as the key performance criterion. The paper concludes with three application examples illustrating how the equations are applied and the impacts of pre-signals in different situations.The analyses confirm the potential benefits of pre-signals, where these signals apply to non-priority traffic only. Where buses are also subject to a pre-signal, it is shown that disbenefits to buses can often occur, unless bus detectors are used to gain priority signalling. 相似文献