基于机器视觉的车辆检测与参数识别研究进展

近年来公路交通运输快速增长,交通车辆的快速准确检测与识别对智能交通系统和交通基础设施运维具有重要意义.随着机器视觉和深度学习技术的迅速发展及其在目标检测领域的广泛应用,车辆目标检测和参数识别也取得新的突破.该文从车辆参数的识别方法和应用研究两方面梳理了机器视觉和深度学习在车辆检测与参数识别领域的研究现状、最新研究成果和...     

基于改进粒子群算法的PMSM多参数辨识

针对标准粒子群优化算法对永磁同步电机多参数辨识精度低与收敛慢的问题,设计了一种自适应自治群组粒子群优化算法进行辨识,并在Matlab/Simulink中搭建参数辨识模型.仿真结果表明:改进后的算法对永磁同步电机多参数辨识的整体精度更高,收敛速度更快.     

Within day rescheduling microsimulation combined with macrosimulated traffic

The concept of rescheduling is essential to activity-based modeling in order to calculate effects of both unexpected incidents and adaptation of individuals to traffic demand management measures. When collaboration between individuals is involved or timetable based public transportation modes are chosen, rescheduling becomes complex. This paper describes a new framework to investigate algorithms for rescheduling at a large scale. The framework allows to explicitly model the information flow between traffic information services and travelers. It combines macroscopic traffic assignment with microscopic simulation of agents adapting their schedules. Perception filtering is introduced to allow for traveler specific interpretation of perceived macroscopic data and for information going unnoticed; perception filters feed person specific short term predictions about the environment required for schedule adaptation. Individuals are assumed to maximize schedule utility. Initial agendas are created by the FEATHERS activity-based schedule generator for mutually independent individuals using an undisturbed loaded transportation network. The new framework allows both actor behavior and external phenomena to influence the transportation network state; individuals interpret the state changes via perception filtering and start adapting their schedules, again affecting the network via updated traffic demand. The first rescheduling mechanism that has been investigated uses marginal utility that monotonically decreases with activity duration and a monotonically converging relaxation algorithm to efficiently determine the new activity timing. The current framework implementation is aimed to support re-timing, re-location and activity re-sequencing; re-routing at the level of the individual however, requires microscopic travel simulation.     

Modeling the behavioral determinants of travel behavior: An application of latent transition analysis

This paper applies the relatively new method of latent class transition analysis to explore the notion that qualitative differences in travel behavior patterns are substantively meaningful and therefore relevant from explanatory point of view. For example, because the bicycle may function as an important access and egress mode, a car user who also (occasionally) uses the bicycle may be more likely to switch to a public transit profile than someone who only uses the car. Data from the Dutch mobility panel are used to inductively reveal travel behavior patterns and model transitions in these patterns over time. Additionally, the effects of seven exogenous variables, including two important life events (i.e. moving house and changing jobs), on cluster membership and the transition probabilities are assessed. The results show that multiple-mode users compared to single-mode users are more likely to switch from one behavioral profile to another. In addition, age, the residential environment, moving house and changing jobs have strong influences on the transition probabilities between the revealed behavioral patterns over time.     

Using automated walking gait analysis for the identification of pedestrian attributes

Collecting microscopic pedestrian behavior and characteristics data is important for optimizing the design of pedestrian facilities for safety, efficiency, and comfortability. This paper provides a framework for the automated classification of pedestrian attributes such as age and gender based on information extracted from their walking gait behavior. The framework extends earlier work on the automated analysis of gait parameters to include analysis of the gait acceleration data which can enable the quantification of the variability, rhythmic pattern and stability of pedestrian’s gait. In this framework, computer vision techniques are used for the automatic detection and tracking of pedestrians in an open environment resulting in pedestrian trajectories and the speed and acceleration dynamic profiles. A collection of gait features are then derived from those dynamic profiles and used for the classification of pedestrian attributes. The gait features include conventional gait parameters such as gait length and frequency and dynamic parameters related to gait variations and stability measures. Two different techniques are used for the classification: a supervised k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) algorithm and a newly developed semi-supervised spectral clustering. The classification framework is demonstrated with two case studies from Vancouver, British Columbia and Oakland, California. The results show the superiority of features sets including gait variations and stability measures over features relying only on conventional gait parameters. For gender, correct classification rates (CCR) of 80% and 94% were achieved for the Vancouver and Oakland case studies, respectively. The classification accuracy for gender was higher in the Oakland case which only considered pedestrians walking alone. Pedestrian age classification resulted in a CCR of 90% for the Oakland case study.     

Incorporating human-factors in car-following models: A review of recent developments and research needs

Over the past decades there has been a considerable development in the modeling of car-following (CF) behavior as a result of research undertaken by both traffic engineers and traffic psychologists. While traffic engineers seek to understand the behavior of a traffic stream, traffic psychologists seek to describe the human abilities and errors involved in the driving process. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these two research streams.It is necessary to consider human-factors in CF modeling for a more realistic representation of CF behavior in complex driving situations (for example, in traffic breakdowns, crash-prone situations, and adverse weather conditions) to improve traffic safety and to better understand widely-reported puzzling traffic flow phenomena, such as capacity drop, stop-and-go oscillations, and traffic hysteresis. While there are some excellent reviews of CF models available in the literature, none of these specifically focuses on the human factors in these models.This paper addresses this gap by reviewing the available literature with a specific focus on the latest advances in car-following models from both the engineering and human behavior points of view. In so doing, it analyses the benefits and limitations of various models and highlights future research needs in the area.     

大跨度系杆拱桥柔性吊杆张力监测和参数识别研究

研究了基于弦振动理论应用频率法进行大跨度系杆拱桥柔性吊杆张力测试的基本方法,尤其是对影响频率法测定吊杆张力精度的若干参数,如吊杆的边界条件、减振阻尼器及有效计算长度等进行了较理想的识别。文中推导了张力测试的实用公式,并通过现场张力标定,对上述若干参数进行有效识别,提高了张力测试精度并减少了识别工作量。实测结果表明,根据文中提供的参数识别方法进行参数识别后所得到的吊杆张力计算值大部分具有较高的监测精度,可以满足施工和运营期间监测吊杆张力的需要。     

大跨斜拉桥扁平钢箱梁损伤定位指标的噪声鲁棒性比较研究

以润扬大桥斜拉桥的扁平钢箱梁结构为分析对象,采用子结构方法将扁平钢箱梁结构的整体尺度动力特性和细节尺度构件损伤相互衔接实现多尺度损伤分析。在此基础上对模态曲率、模态应变能、模态柔度和斜拉索索力等4类结构损伤定位指标的抗噪声干扰能力进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,模态应变能和模态柔度对于扁平钢箱梁结构损伤定位具有较好的互补性,将其相结合对扁平钢箱梁主跨和边跨的损伤识别具有较好的抗噪声干扰能力。     

大跨度预应力混凝土斜拉桥基于定期检测的损伤识别方法

为了在定期检测信息的基础上实现大跨度预应力混凝土斜拉桥的健康状态评估,提出采用无线多点自动综合测试系统监测结构应力,利用环境随机振动法测试全桥索力,并结合桥梁几何测试信息,获得桥梁状态的综合检测方法。针对招宝山大桥,建立最优化遗传静力反分析模型,采用基于遗传算法的大型复杂结构损伤识别程序对模拟的损伤工况进行分析,有效识别出了斜拉桥主梁的损伤位置。并且由于遗传优化算法对参数的类型和数量没有限制,对斜拉桥进行包含不同损伤类型的参数化建模,可以进行结构多类型损伤的识别,因此,可推广至其他复杂桥梁的损伤识别,为同类工程所借鉴。     

新型GFRP组合梁翼缘有效分布宽度分析

利用能量变分法推导出均布线荷载作用下新型GFRP组合梁翼缘有效分布宽度的理论公式,通过有限元数值模拟验证理论公式可靠性。并借鉴传统钢-混凝土组合梁分析方法,对新型GFRP组合梁翼缘有效分布宽度各种影响因素进行了参数分析。