地铁车站大跨度端头井的深基坑开挖技术

介绍了地铁车站端头井在周边环境复杂、跨度大且支撑体系复杂情况下的施工方案。确定了大跨度深基坑的开挖步序及方法。根据“时空效应”原理制定的放坡、开挖单元及支撑架设的技术参数,对安全快速地完成大跨度端头井深基坑的开挖起到了决定性的作用。     

基于网络通信的地铁线路相邻联锁站间闭塞技术研究

为保障地铁线路相邻站间的行车安全,文章提出一种基于网络通信的站间闭塞方式。分析了线路相邻联锁站相互发送的信息和闭塞原理,提出通过设置时间戳、序列号、校验码等安全技术实现闭塞故障导向安全的解决方案,设计了冗余网络以增加系统可靠性,并通过延时解决了非预期进路不解锁故障。通过在长沙地铁4号线信号系统的实际应用表明,不同运营场景下该网络闭塞技术实用、有效。     

From e-bike to car: A study on factors influencing motorization of e-bike users across China

Household car ownership has risen dramatically in China over the past decade. At the same time a disruptive transportation technology emerged, the electric bike (e-bike). Most studies investigating motorization in China focus on macro-level economic indicators like GDP, with few focusing on household, city-level, environmental, or geographic indicators, and none in the context of high e-bike ownership. This study examines household vehicle purchase decisions across 59 cities in China with broad geographic, environmental, and socio-economic characteristics. We focus on a subset of households who own e-bikes and rely on a telephone survey from an industry customer database. From these responses, we estimate two three-level hierarchical choice models to assess attributes that contribute to (1) recent car purchases and (2) the intention to buy a car in the near future. The results show that the models are dominated by household characteristics including household income, household size, household vehicle ownership, number of licensed drivers and duration of car ownership. Some geographic, environmental and socio-economic factors have significant influences on car purchase decisions. Only two city-level transportation variable have an effect – higher taxi density and higher bus density reducing car purchase. Cold weather, population density gross domestic product per capita positively influence car purchase, while urbanization rate reduces car purchase. Because of supply heterogeneity in the data set, described by publicly available urban transportation data, this is the first study that can include geographic and urban infrastructure differences that influence purchase choice and suggests potential region-specific policy approaches to managing car purchase may be necessary.     

Deploying public charging stations for electric vehicles on urban road networks

This paper explores how to optimally locate public charging stations for electric vehicles on a road network, considering drivers’ spontaneous adjustments and interactions of travel and recharging decisions. The proposed approach captures the interdependency of different trips conducted by the same driver by examining the complete tour of the driver. Given the limited driving range and recharging needs of battery electric vehicles, drivers of electric vehicles are assumed to simultaneously determine tour paths and recharging plans to minimize their travel and recharging time while guaranteeing not running out of charge before completing their tours. Moreover, different initial states of charge of batteries and risk-taking attitudes of drivers toward the uncertainty of energy consumption are considered. The resulting multi-class network equilibrium flow pattern is described by a mathematical program, which is solved by an iterative procedure. Based on the proposed equilibrium framework, the charging station location problem is then formulated as a bi-level mathematical program and solved by a genetic-algorithm-based procedure. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the models and provide insights on public charging infrastructure deployment and behaviors of electric vehicles.     

轨道交通站点公共自行车租赁点布局研究

以轨道交通站点为中心,提出分层分级布设公共自行车租赁点的布局方法。根据用地性质、居住人口和各层自行车方式分担率,将公共自行车租赁点划分为中央节点、一级网点和二级网点,进而确定各级公共自行车租赁点规模和公共自行车数量,随后基于免疫优化算法选取合适的二级网点作为公共自行车管理点。最后以南京市一号线南沿线天印大道站为例,给出其辐射范围内的公共自行车租赁点布局方案。     

北京市轨道交通车站客流时空分布特征

轨道交通线网客流特征实质上是车站客流时空分布叠加及交换的效果体现,通过分析车站客流的波动性,发现北京轨道交通系统在不同时间维度和区域范围均呈现出明显的不均衡特征。针对车站特点进行聚类分析,归纳出周边不同用地类型的车站客流时空分布差异性特征规律,并进一步分析了进站客流和换乘站客流特征以及进出站客流接驳特征。在此基础上,对北京市轨道交通发展提出应建立多层次的轨道交通系统和多样化的轨道交通运营组织方式;重视换乘站在网络中的合理布局,改进换乘站设计与运行组织;结合车站区位特征制定差异化接驳服务等建议。     

柳州市公共自行车租赁系统管理研究

文章通过分析柳州市公共自行车租赁系统运营中存在的问题,明确了自行车交通在城市交通体系中的功能定位,从综合交通管理体制、站点管理和优化租赁程序等方面,提出了改善柳州市公共自行车租赁系统的相关建议。     

Is awareness of public charging associated with consumer interest in plug-in electric vehicles?

Policymakers often seek to increase the visibility of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) chargers in public locations in effort to build familiarity and interest in PEVs. However, it is not clear if the visibility of public charging stations actually has an impact on PEV demand. The purposes of the present study are to (1) assess the current levels of visibility for public PEV charging infrastructure within Canada and (2) identify whether or not a statistically significant relationship exists between consumer awareness of public charging infrastructure and interest in purchasing a PEV. We use data collected from a sample of 1739 Canadian new-vehicle buyers in 2013. About 18% of Canadian respondents have seen at least one public charger, while the proportion is highest in British Columbia (31%). We find a significant bivariate relationship between public charger awareness and PEV interest. However, when controlling for multiple explanatory variables in regression analyses, the relationship is weak or non-existent. While perceived existence of at least one charger exhibits no significant relationship with PEV interest, perceived existence of multiple chargers can have a weak but significant relationship. Thus, public charger awareness is not a strong predictor of PEV interest; other variables are more important, such as the availability of level 1 (110/120-volt) charging at home.     

A static free-floating bike repositioning problem with multiple heterogeneous vehicles,multiple depots,and multiple visits

In this paper, a bike repositioning problem with multiple depots, multiple visits, and multiple heterogeneous vehicles for the free-floating bike-sharing system (FFBSS) is studied. Two types of nodes (i.e., easily and hardly access nodes) with different penalties are defined to represent different convenience levels of getting bikes from the FFBSS. The objective of the repositioning is to minimize the weighted sum of the inconvenience level of getting bikes from the system and the total unmet demand and the total operational time. To solve this problem, an enhanced version of chemical reaction optimization (CRO) is developed. A loading and unloading quantity adjustment procedure with the consideration of the node characteristics, including the type of node and its current state (i.e., in a balanced, surplus, or deficit state) is proposed and incorporated into this version to improve its solution quality. A concept of the nearby-node set is also proposed to narrow the search space. Numerical results are presented and indicate that compared to the traditional CRO and CPLEX, the enhanced CRO improves solution quality and has potential to tackle the repositioning problem for larger, longer repositioning duration, and more vehicle instances. The results also demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed adjustment procedure.     

公交站点车辆停靠问题的最优控制模型与实现技术

本文从公交站点的停靠线路数和各停靠线路的运行特征着手,以各线路车辆合理、顺序、无延误地到达站点和从站点出发为优化目标,以公交站点的最大停靠能力和满足乘客的出行要求为约束建立优化模型,以确定各线路车辆在各时段的发车频率和依次占用站点停靠的时间段,并确定其合理的运行速度.最后通过某站点的调查数据来验证模型的实用性.