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81.
活动空间能够反映居民受到的时空制约以及移动自由度,对分析居民出行行为有重要研究意义.本文基于时间地理学理论,强调时间维度对个体活动空间的重要塑造作用,引入活动持续时间作为权重因子,构建了活动空间的时空重心测度模型,提出“偏移度”“扩展度”两个概念来量化个体活动空间,并与传统空间中心测度方法进行对比分析,最后,以昆明市居民调查数据进行实例验证.结果表明,活动空间是由时间和空间两大要素共同决定,当存在出行距离大于4 km以上,偏移度对空间测度的修正程度约为5%~15%,时间要素对活动空间的影响程度变得较为敏感. 相似文献
82.
张晓烨 《广东交通职业技术学院学报》2014,(3):114-117
大学生社会实践体系建设是增强大学生实践能力的重要举措。文章从现状出发分析了高校社会实践体系存在的主要问题,包括对社会实践活动定位不准,资金使用不规范,相关制度不完善等。在此基础上,分别从高校和学生这两个社会实践体系主体的角度出发,提出完善高校社会实践体系的建议。包括高校优化人员结构,建立健全相关制度,提高高校硬件水平,加强合作。学生努力学习科学文化知识,提高自身科学文化素质。 相似文献
83.
Using Texas add-on sample data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey, this study examines adult workers’ daily active choice decisions in the context of physical activity and attendant health benefits. The study looked at workers’ two choice behaviors: active activity and active travel. The first choice behavior, active activity, is developed as an ordered-response model based on the number of physically active recreational activities pursued during the workday. The second choice behavior, active travel, is developed as a binary-response model that examines workers’ active travel choices—whether or not the worker used any active mode of travel during the same workday. The study improves the understanding and knowledge of observed factors influencing workers’ physically active activity-travel behavior. The study also provides several observations regarding the role (and constraints) of employment in individuals’ active choices. Using a flexible copula modeling methodology, we explore the true correlation (or dependence) between the two behavior choices that could occur due to the presence of unobserved factors, suggesting a simultaneously low or simultaneously high propensity for being physically active across workers. The study findings suggest that transportation and public health policy makers can mutually benefit from encouraging workers to be physically active (from an activity and/or travel perspective). Overall, the study draws attention to the integrated nature of the public health and transportation fields, thereby providing a distinct view of active/inactive choice behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first study exploring a rich variety of components for workers’ active activity-travel behavior through a robust copula approach. 相似文献
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85.
Patterns of traffic activity, including changes in the volume and speed of vehicles, vary over time and across urban areas and can substantially affect vehicle emissions of air pollutants. Time-resolved activity at the street scale typically is derived using temporal allocation factors (TAFs) that allow the development of emissions inventories needed to predict concentrations of traffic-related air pollutants. This study examines the spatial and temporal variation of TAFs, and characterizes prediction errors resulting from their use. Methods are presented to estimate TAFs and their spatial and temporal variability and used to analyze total, commercial and non-commercial traffic in the Detroit, Michigan, U.S. metropolitan area. The variability of total volume estimates, quantified by the coefficient of variation (COV) representing the percentage departure from expected hourly volume, was 21%, 33%, 24% and 33% for weekdays, Saturdays, Sundays and holidays, respectively. Prediction errors mostly resulted from hour-to-hour variability on weekdays and Saturdays, and from day-to-day variability on Sundays and holidays. Spatial variability was limited across the study roads, most of which were large freeways. Commercial traffic had different temporal patterns and greater variability than non-commercial vehicle traffic, e.g., the weekday variability of hourly commercial volume was 28%. The results indicate that TAFs for a metropolitan region can provide reasonably accurate estimates of hourly vehicle volume on major roads. While vehicle volume is only one of many factors that govern on-road emission rates, air quality analyses would be strengthened by incorporating information regarding the uncertainty and variability of traffic activity. 相似文献
86.
鲁秀国 《华东交通大学学报》2011,28(3):40-43,82
壳类物质属于农业废弃物,是重要的可再生资源.首先对壳类物质的成分和结构进行了说明,进而综述了其在水处理中作为生物因载、吸附剂、过滤以及制备活性炭等方向的研究现状,最后指出了壳类物质在应用过程中存在的问题和今后的研究方向. 相似文献
87.
为改善通航条件、提高航道等级,对山区河流泥石流灾害防治技术进行了研究.根据形成机理、运动规律、成灾机制、岸坡的地形地貌特点,把山区河流型泥石流分为坡面流和沟谷流;基于土质结构原理与岩土稳定理论,提出了修复植被、规范人类行为与截流排水、拦粗排细、转向导流等工程防治技术相结合的山区河流泥石流灾害的综合防治技术.结果表明,该... 相似文献
88.
在电沉积法制备Ni-S合金电极的基础上,向镀液中添加硫酸钴制备了Ni-Co-S合金电极。电化学测试结果表明,Ni-Co-S合金电极和Ni-S合金电极的催化性能都要好于其它电极,Ni-Co-S合金电极的性能随着硫酸钴浓度的升高先升高后降低。计算了电极的电极反应动力学参数(包括Tafel斜率b、交换电流密度i0和过电位),解释了Ni-Co-S合金电极和Ni-S合金电极在不同电流密度区活性不同的原因。恒电流电解表明,Ni-Co-S合金电极具有较高的稳定性。电极的微观形貌用SEM进行表征,成份用能谱进行分析,X射线衍射分析电极的晶型结构。 相似文献
89.
Estimating a model of dynamic activity generation based on one-day observations: Method and results 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Theo A. Arentze Dick Ettema Harry J.P. Timmermans 《Transportation Research Part B: Methodological》2011,45(2):447-460
In this paper we develop and explore an approach to estimate dynamic models of activity generation on one-day travel-diary data. Dynamic models predict multi-day activity patterns of individuals taking into account dynamic needs as well as day-varying preferences and time-budgets. We formulate an ordered-logit model of dynamic activity-agenda-formation decisions and show how one-day observation probabilities can be derived from the model as a function of the model’s parameters and, with that, how parameters can be estimated using standard loglikelihood estimation. A scale parameter cannot be identified because information on within-person variability is lacking in one-day data. An application of the method to data from a national travel survey illustrates the method. A test on simulated data indicates that, given a pre-set scale, the parameters can be identified and that estimates are robust for a source of heterogeneity not captured in the model. This result indicates that dynamic activity-based models of the kind considered here can be estimated from data that are less costly to collect and that support the large sample sizes typically required for travel-demand modeling. We conclude therefore that the proposed approach opens up a way to develop large-scale dynamic activity-based models of travel demand. 相似文献
90.