底部薄板附近的水流及泥沙运动特性

通过水槽实验探讨了在饱和来沙条件下底部薄板附近的水流、泥沙运动特性,包括不同薄板高度、与水流不同夹角的安装方向等情况下,单个底部薄板附近的水流结构、泥沙运动规律、底部薄板的导沙特性及其附近的冲淤现象,以及底部薄板群体的导沙特性。试验结果表明,实验使用的薄板的长度对实验结果影响很大,过短的薄板实验根本观察不到薄板前冲刷沟内的沙波运动,而该沙波运动严重影响薄板的导沙效应。底部薄板附近的水流结构具有强烈的三维特性,流场复杂,对于一定的薄板,水流夹角、沙波的运动是影响薄板的导流导沙促淤的主要因素。     

整治建筑物壅水及重力相似偏离影响的初步研究

简述整治建筑物的壅水及其机理,归纳出局部水头损失壅水的通用公式。将丁坝工程壅水区分为床面摩阻损失增大壅水和局部水头损失壅水2部分。在ΔFr>0的模型中,采用换算式ΔZp=ΔZm.hλ,定性地说是偏大的。可采用换算式Δhfp=Δhfmhλ。而丁、潜坝局部水头损失的壅水,则应采用hjp=Δhjmλu02。     

多功能疏浚作业辅助船研究与方案设计

多功能疏浚作业辅助船对保证挖泥船持续高效地作业非常重要,尤其是对在开敞海域中的疏浚工程更是直接影响到有效作业时间。介绍国外相关系列船型和欧洲四大疏浚公司对此类船的配置,总结此类船的特点,根据设计技术要 求,提出目标船的设计方案,分析或选择各种技术性能指标,并给出加装整平作业功能和射水疏浚功能的方案。     

长江中游牯牛沙水道河床演变及碍航特性分析

以牯牛沙水道为例,重点分析了弯曲河段的演变过程和碍航特点。通过分析牯牛沙水道的演变过程、演变影响因素、演变趋势及碍航特性等,揭示滩槽演变的规律,探讨航道整治一期工程前后的碍航特性变化,并对一期工程实施后航道条件不稳定的具体原因进行分析,在此基础上,提出二期工程的整治思路和方案。     

长江中游湖广—罗湖洲水道河床演变与航道整治思路研究

文章根据长江中游湖广—罗湖洲水道近年来实测资料,分析了该河段航道存在的主要问题、河床演变特点和碍航特性,结合模型研究成果,对该段河道及航道演变趋势进行了预测。在此基础上,根据该段浅滩碍航特征和航道整治目标,提出航道整治思路和治理方案。     

Wave Scattering by Porous Bottom Undulation in a Two Layered Channel

The scattering of plane surface waves by bottom undulations in channel flow consisting of two layers is investigated by assuming that the bed of the channel is composed of porous material. The upper surface of the fluid is bounded by a rigid lid and the channel is unbounded in the horizontal directions. There exists only one wave mode corresponding to an internal wave. For small undulations, a simplified perturbation analysis is used to obtain first order reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function describing the bottom. For sinusoidal bottom undulations and exponentially decaying bottom topography, the first order coefficients are computed. In the case of sinusoidal bottom the first order transmission coefficient is found to vanish identically. The numerical results are depicted graphically in a number of figures.     

坝下沙卵石河床河工模型设计及应用

三峡水库蓄水运用后,坝下河道的水沙条件发生了重大变化,使坝下游沙卵石河段的河势演变规律发生变化。通过总结、分析实测资料及前人研究成果,针对坝下河段床沙组成特点,采用双层铺沙法进行物理模型试验研究,较好地复演了本河段河势变化,为开展坝下沙卵石浅滩治理研究提供了支撑。     

重力式方块卸荷板大型构件出运码头升级改造

以工程实例介绍了重力式方块卸荷板码头的改造设计方案。由于原有码头卸荷板悬臂较大,在码头前沿均布荷载增大的情况下,使得基床顶面产生较大的后倾应力,基床承载力不满足规范要求。改造方案通过在后方设灌注桩及现浇钢筋混凝土板,减少码头卸荷板悬臂部分上部荷载,防止基床顶面产生较大的后倾应力,为类似的码头改造设计提供了借鉴。     

Biological Status Assessment of Coral Reefs in Southern Puerto Rico: Supporting Coral Reef Protection Under the U.S. Clean Water Act

Abstract

States and other jurisdictions may protect coral reefs using biological water quality standards outlined by the United States Clean Water Act (CWA). Such protection will require long-term, regional monitoring of the resource using biological indicators and a probability-based sampling design. A 60-station survey targeting nearshore linear coral reef was conducted across southern Puerto Rico in December 2011 to document the status of reef inhabitants using a probabilistic, regional sampling design. The quantity, type and condition of stony corals, fish, gorgonians, and sponges were documented from each station, providing a robust representation of linear reef status and composition across the region. Fish represented 106 unique taxa and stony corals 32 unique taxa. Benthic organisms (stony corals, sponges, and gorgonians) averaged nearly 12 colonies per square meter, more than half of which were gorgonians. Assessment results can be used as a baseline to compare with future regional surveys to quantify change in reef condition over time (trend). Both temporal and spatial changes can be expected after large-scale disturbances like hurricanes Maria and Irma in 2017. The indicators and probabilistic sampling design support the long-term regional monitoring envisioned by the Environmental Protection Agency to implement CWA protections in Puerto Rico and elsewhere.     

重力式码头抛石基床应力分析

现行规范中,计算重力式码头抛石基床应力时假定基床是刚性的,不考虑基床前、后方的土压力,只考虑基床自重和基顶应力向下的传播。随着大型重力式码头抛石基床深度的不断加大,基床前、后方的土压力也在不断的加大,现行规范这种计算方法与实际情况就存在较大的差异。通过系统的计算、研究,分析厚抛石基床前后方土压力对基床内应力分布的影响,根据有限元软件PLAXIS计算出应力分布规律,提出了一种采用3个应力控制点的更合理的改进计算方法。