Physical–biological coupling in spore dispersal of kelp forest macroalgae

The physical–biological linkages controlling the dispersal of spores produced by macroalgae that reside in kelp forests are complicated and laced with feedbacks. Here we discuss the fundamental elements of these interactions. Biological considerations include spore swimming and sinking speeds, their periods of viability in the plankton, and the height of spore release above the seafloor, which together determine the durations over which spores can be swept by horizontal currents before they contact the seafloor. Morphologies and material properties of canopy forming kelps may also influence the drag exerted on passing waters by the kelps, the plants' ability to persist in the face of rapid flows, and thereby the degree to which impinging currents are redirected around, or slowed within, kelp forests. Macroalgal life histories, and the size of spore sources as controlled by the dimensions of kelp forests and the density and fecundity of individuals within them, influence effective dispersal distances as well. Physical considerations encompass the mean speed, direction, and timescales of variability of currents relative to spore suspension times, the interaction of surface gravity waves with currents in producing turbulence in the benthic boundary layer, wind-driven surface mixing, water stratification, and shoreline bathymetry and substratum roughness, all of which can affect the interplay of vertical and horizontal transport of macroalgal spores. Intricate within-forest processes may induce attenuation of current speeds and consequent reductions in seabed shear, along with simultaneous production of small-scale turbulence in kelp wakes. Slower mean currents and smaller eddy scales in turn may attenuate vertical mixing within forests, thus extending spore suspension times. Further complexities likely arise due to changes in the relative rates of horizontal and vertical dispersion, modifications to the overall profiles of vertical mixing, and the creation of fine-scale secondary flows around kelp individuals and substratum features. Under conditions of more rapid currents, submergence of the surface canopy and the establishment of skimming flows at the canopy–fluid interface may introduce additional coherent flow structures that alter rates of fluid exchange to and from the forest. Many of these coupled physical–biological processes are just beginning to be examined in a rigorous fashion in kelp forests, but their potential importance is clear.     

斜拉索索端密封胶粘接性能对比试验研究

优选4种不同类型的密封胶进行拉伸试验，检验其与聚乙烯的粘接剪切强度，结果表明，703硅橡胶的性能要优于其它3种材料，建议考虑选用此密封胶作为斜拉索索端密封材料。     

生物法处理生活污水脱氮除磷效果分析

通过对铁道部无锡干部培训基地（以下简称培训基地）的生活污水的生物法处理效果观察，探析兼氧／好氧生物处理系统的脱氮除磷原理并对影响处理效果因素进行分析。     

国际互联网上信息安全法律问题的现状和发展

系统阐述了依法管理和改进国际互联网网络安全技术是世界各国在国际互联网上的普遍做法。为了禁止网络犯罪，保证网络安全运行，许多国家都十分注意依法管理。需颁布《伪造访问设备和计算机欺骗与滥用法》、《中国通信隐私法》、《计算机欺骗和滥用法》、《计算机滥用法案》等法律法规。     

锰对体内必需元素生物转运的影响

动物实验发现，锰可促进或妨碍某些必需元素如Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ和Ｃａ等的吸收、分布与排泄。职业人群调查也观察到锰对血液、头发和精液必需元素的影响。临床研究表明，锰对Ｍｇ、Ｃａ、Ｚｎ和Ｆｅ的影响与中毒的临床表现有关。揭示锰对体内必需元素的生物转运过程有干扰作用。     

混凝土的温度时效研究

混凝土结构在遭受火灾作用后,在决定修复受损结构之前,必须估算结构的残余承载能力,这需要了解结构在高温作用后的性能,对相同配合比的混凝土试件在温度作用后的力学性能进行了初步的试验研究,包括抗压强度和横纵向应变,并分析了其变化规律,为高温后混凝土的温度时效研究提供了参考。     

集装箱码头桥吊结构特征的有限元分析

有限元法是结构分析中的一种行之有效的方法,目前其应用十分广泛。主要介绍了利用有限元法对集装箱码头桥吊结构进行计算分析的过程。采用空间壳单元、四面体实体单元、等截面梁单元按空间结构建模分别对各控制工况进行了计算、分析和比较,并以此为依据,找出了当前结构的控制工况、控制应力及控制位移,验证了设计的合理可靠性。     

超大跨度CFRP索斜拉桥的力学性能分析

为了探讨碳纤维材料(CFRP)索在超大跨度斜拉桥中应用的可行性,以1400 m主跨的超大跨度钢拉索斜拉桥设计方案为例,采用拉索的等强度和等轴向刚度方法,拟定了两座等跨径布置CFRP索的方案桥,分别采用结构三维几何非线性方法、子空间迭代法、空气动力稳定性分析方法以及地震响应的反应谱分析方法,对应用钢索和CFRP索的超大跨度斜拉桥的静力特性、动力特性、抗风稳定性以及抗震性能等进行了分析与比较,并从力学性能角度探讨了CFRP索在超大跨度斜拉桥中应用的可行性。结果表明:从力学性能角度而言,超大跨度斜拉桥采用CFRP索是可行的,但是拉索截面尺寸采用等轴向刚度方法确定则更有利。     

高墩大跨连续刚构桥的动力特性分析

以一座高墩大跨连续刚构桥为研究对象,运用大型通用有限元软件MIDAS建立该桥的空间有限元模型,对其动力特性进行计算分析,获得了该桥的自振频率和振型,为进一步开展结构抗震、抗风和车桥振动研究奠定了一定的基础.     

两种钢管混凝土实体拱桥力学性能的对比分析

进行钢管混凝土实体(哑铃形和单圆管)拱桥的力学性能的有限元分析和对比,并研究拱肋横撑对两种实体拱桥的动力性能和稳定性能的影响。研究表明,对钢管混凝土实体拱桥进行整体设计时,应主要从静力方面考虑拱肋刚度的选取,哑铃形的静力性能优于单圆管;拱肋横撑的数量和形式主要影响结构整体横向刚度,"K"形横撑对面外动力性能的影响要大得多;从稳定性方面考虑,单圆管优于哑铃形。