超浅埋暗挖隧道施工技术

文章介绍了在确保上方高速公路地面交通正常通行的情况下,超宽断面、埋深仅为0.5～2.5m的超浅埋平顶直墙下穿隧道工程采用管棚超前支护,结合小导管注浆加固地层、多导洞施工方案和微台阶开挖法来达到控制地表沉降和保证施工安全的"浅埋暗挖法"施工技术。     

Timetable-based operation in urban transport: Run-time optimisation and improvements in the operating process

Urban public transit provides an efficient means of mobility and helps support social development and environmental preservation. To avoid loss of ridership, transit authorities have focussed on improving the punctuality of routes that operate using timetables. This paper presents a new approach to generating run-time values that is based on analytical development and micro simulations. The work utilizes previous research (described herein) and the experience acquired by Transports Metropolitans de Barcelona (TMB) in operating bus routes based on timetables. Using a sample of historical data, the method used for generating run-time values consists of the following steps: purging and screening atypical trips, based on the consideration of confidence intervals for median trips; segmenting the day into time bands based on the introduction of a new hierarchical classification algorithm; creating initial run-time values based on criteria derived from statistical analysis; adjusting and validating initial run-time values using micro simulations; and evaluating incident-recovery times at the end of trips in order to guarantee the punctual departure of the next trip in the vehicle schedule. To favour service improvement, we also introduced certain indicators that can identify the root causes of non-compliance. As a final step, in order to ensure the applicability and use of the model, we promoted the development of our model within the framework of the HASTUS™ software solution.     

Much Ado about Nothing? - An analysis of economic impacts and ecologic effects of the EU-emission trading scheme in the aviation industry

From 2012 on, all CO₂ emissions from flights departing from or arriving at airports within the European Union have to be offset. We analyze the economic and ecological impacts that are caused by an inclusion of the aviation industry into the proposed emissions trading scheme (ETS). Building on the now fixed system design we employ a simulation model to estimate the impacts of the scheme. Our results indicate that financial impacts are highly dependant on external settings, such as allowance prices and demand growth. We show that the financial burden on the aviation industry will be rather modest in the first years after the introduction of the system and therefore induce only low competition distortions. Likewise, emission reductions within air transportation will be comparably low. While aviation will induce a decline of emissions in other sectors, significant absolute reductions within air transportation can only be reached by a more restrictive system design.     

油气长输管道壁厚计算及选用

在油气长输管道设计中,管道的壁厚设计计算和选取直接影响到管道输送安全和工程投资.针对油气长输管道壁厚计算因输送介质不同、输送温度不同、输送压力不同及处于不同地段而产生的差异,归纳总结出油气长输管道普通线路段、穿跨越段和站场部分管道壁厚计算方法,也总结出了在管道壁厚的选取中需要注意的问题及应用的规范.     

华蓥山隧道硫化氢气体检测及综合整治研究

华蓥山特长隧道洞身穿越区域性含油地层,残余油气藏的原油在热作用下产生具有较强毒性和臭鸡蛋气味的硫化氢气体,透过衬砌裂缝或渗漏水进入隧道,影响隧道内的卫生标准和洞内行车的舒适性.通过隧道内渗漏水中硫化物和挥发性物质成分的测定,得出渗漏水是带出硫化氢气体的重要通道之一;检测隧道内硫化氢气体浓度的分布,确定硫化氢气体涌出的主要段落.基于隧道内硫化氢气体的涌出通道,制订采用地下水封闭引排、裂缝封堵和加强隧道内运营通风相结合的综合治理措施.参照国内外其它行业有关硫化氢气体浓度控制标准,制订了隧道内硫化氢气体的卫生标准和舒适性标准,在无现行规范可循的情况下,具有一定的参考意义.     

过湿土路基换填层厚度计算分析

换填是处置过湿土等软弱路基的主要方法之一,通过相关分析,提出计算换填层厚度的方法,可为类似工程提供参考和借鉴。     

泥砂岩隧道明暗交接处大管棚支护技术

以某高速公路隧道为工程背景,探讨IV级泥砂岩为主的地质情况下的洞口安全施工方案,介绍大管棚设计参数,论述明暗交接处的大管棚支护技术,最后就施工控制要点和安全注意事项进行分析,可为类似工程提供参考。     

企业科技创新与知识产权制度建设

知识产权制度是保护和推进企业科技创新的重要机制.鉴于目前我国企业知识产权制度存在的种种弊端,加强知识产权制度建设,充分发挥知识产权制度在企业科技创新中的作用,应从健全知识产权法律体系、完善知识产权管理制度、建构企业知识产权文化、创新科技成果转化机制等几方面着手.     

考虑流凌效应的大跨径梁桥最大悬臂施工状态作用响应分析

内蒙古包树黄河特大桥工程在黄河凌汛期恰好处于最大悬臂施工阶段,为保证其安全度汛,对此种不利工况进行作用响应分析及安全性验算.采用计算土弹簧刚度来模拟桩-土摩阻效应,并采用Maxwell模型以模拟墩顶新型粘滞阻尼器的墩梁位移效应,建立了该桥最大悬臂施工阶段数值仿真模型.在流凌期间实测流冰荷载、洪水荷载及风载等作用组合下,计算分析了该桥最大悬臂阶段桥墩和主梁的线形变化和受力特性.结果表明,流冰荷载单独作用对该桥最大悬臂阶段桥墩和主梁线形和内力影响有限,同时在各荷载工况下桥墩及主梁线形和内力均满足桥梁监控要求.     

隧道路面类型选择及调查研究

采用理论分析和实际调查相结合的方法分析了隧道内温度、湿度、噪声、基础强度、交通条件等对隧道路面类型选择影响.为了选择舒适、安全、耐久的隧道路面类型,基于灰靶分析理论从路面整体强度、耐久性、平整度、抗滑性能、耐磨性能及修复难易程度六个方面对沥青和水泥两种路面进行综合评价.结果表明沥青路面在隧道中具有更好的适用性.经对近百座隧道路面实地调查,验证了理论分析的正确性.随着施工、阻燃等技术进步,沥青路面将逐渐取代水泥路面在隧道内得到广泛应用.