Experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical investigation on the derailment of a railway wheelset with solid axle. Tests were carried out under quasi-steady-state conditions, on a full-scale roller rig, and allowed to point out the effect of different parameters like the wheelset's angle of attack and the ratio between the vertical loads acting on the flanging and non-flanging wheels. On the basis of the test results, some existing derailment criteria are analysed in this paper and two new criteria are proposed. A model of wheel-rail contact is proposed for the mathematical modelling of the flange climb process, and numerical vs. experimental comparisons are used to obtain model validation.     

密接式车钩试验装置

介绍了密接式车钩试验装置的组成和试验内容,对试验中遇到的问题提出了解决办法。     

A study on high-speed rolling contact between a wheel and a contaminated rail

A 3-D explicit finite element model is developed to investigate the transient wheel–rail rolling contact in the presence of rail contamination or short low adhesion zones (LAZs). A transient analysis is required because the wheel passes by a short LAZ very quickly, especially at high speeds. A surface-to-surface contact algorithm (by the penalty method) is employed to solve the frictional rolling contact between the wheel and the rail meshed by solid elements. The LAZ is simulated by a varying coefficient of friction along the rail. Different traction efforts and action of the traction control system triggered by the LAZ are simulated by applying a time-dependent driving torque to the wheel axle. Structural flexibilities of the vehicle–track system are considered properly. Analysis focuses on the contact forces, creepage, contact stresses and the derived frictional work and plastic deformation. It is found that the longitudinal contact force and the maximum surface shear stress in the contact patch become obviously lower in the LAZ and much higher as the wheel re-enters the dry rail section. Consequently, a higher wear rate and larger plastic flow are expected at the location where the dry contact starts to be rebuilt. In other words, contact surface damages such as wheel flats and rail burns may come into being because of the LAZ. Length of the LAZ, the traction level, etc. are varied. The results also show that local contact surface damages may still occur as the traction control system acts.     

南方高温多雨地区桥面铺装防水黏结材料选择及性能检验

有效解决层间防水黏结材料薄弱问题,是桥面铺装耐久性的重要保证。针对南方高温多雨地区气候特点,选择具有代表性的4种防水黏结材料,即AMP-100、FYT-1、橡胶改性沥青及SBS改性沥青,进行了高温性能、不透水性能及黏结性能检验。结果表明:SBS改性沥青各项性能指标最优,其次为橡胶改性沥青、AMP-100、FYT-1。     

转向盘多功能按键常见失效模式分析及验证方法

介绍目前国内外常见汽车转向盘多功能按键的外观结构及特点,分析产品常见的几种失效模式,总结汽车转向盘多功能按键在验证时应该关注的几个问题。     

船闸人字门结构响应分析及优化

基于人字闸门的结构形式及受力特点,考虑底枢承轴巢与蘑菇球头之间的非线性摩擦接触,建立三维有限元模型,模拟背拉杆预应力调试过程,分析背拉杆预应力对门体抗扭刚度的影响,对结构静态响应及动态特性进行定量评估,并提出优化方案。     

基于ANSYS的冷却器管板胀接有限元分析

胀接过程中胀管量的合理选取关系到换热器的换热性能和松紧程度。本文运用ANSYS软件对管板进行机械胀接过程的模拟,分两个工况:工况一模拟整个胀接过程,模拟胀接过程中换热管的应力和变形情况;工况二模拟换热管拉脱过程,检验其胀接松紧程度。     

船舶结构的搁浅数值仿真研究

文章用数值仿真法研究了船舶结构搁浅中的内部力学问题,分析了典型双层底结构的损伤变形、受力和能量耗散结果。研究表明,损伤变形集中于搁浅的区域,搁浅力学问题主要考虑局部的船体结构;肋板的存在显著地增加船底结构的抗搁浅能力,使礁石的垂向贯入量会略有减小;当纵桁远离搁浅区域时,它的吸能能力无法发挥,抗搁浅作用明显削弱。     

主空压机防主触头熔焊故障电路的设计

根据“霸王岭”轮主空压机电机主电路主触头经常熔焊,而又经常引起总配电板主开关跳闸这一严重故障现象,设计一个短延时先后接通或断开的保护电路,从而解除了该熔焊故障的危害,为确定双主触头运行时主触点熔焊状态,设计一个指示电路便于维护。     

60 kg/m钢轨和60N钢轨轮轨接触几何关系对比分析

为揭示我国新研究设计的60N钢轨的轮轨接触几何关系,运用常用的迹线法,以LM型和LMA型车轮踏面为例,对60 kg/m钢轨(简称60钢轨)和60N钢轨轮轨接触几何关系及其对轨底坡和轮对摇头的适应性进行详细研究。结果表明:相比60钢轨,60N钢轨与LM型和LMA型踏面匹配时,轮轨接触点在钢轨上位于钢轨中心位置附近,同时不会在钢轨轨距角附近出现轮轨接触,且在发生轮缘接触前,60N钢轨相比60钢轨对应的等效锥度随着轮对横移量变化很小,说明60N钢轨有效的改善了轮轨接触几何关系;同60钢轨,60N钢轨对于LM型车轮踏面,当轨底坡为1/20时匹配更佳,对于LMA型车轮踏面,当轨底坡为1/40时匹配更佳,而摇头角对60钢轨和60N钢轨的影响基本一致。